613 



attacks the sapwood, but the inner bark remains the chief food. 

 Pupation takes place in the sapwood. The adults emerge three 

 weeks later. 



Keller (C). Zur Biologie von Chrysomela aenea, L., und Coleophora 

 fuscedmella, Zell. [A Contribution to the Biology of C. aenea 

 and C. fuscedinella.] — Vierteljahrsschr. Natuff. Ges. Zurich, Ixii, 

 1917. (Abstract in Zeitschr. angew. Ent., Berlin, viii, no. 1, 

 September 1921, pp. 207 and 217-218.) 



The infestation of Almis incana by Chrysomela aenea, L., in the 

 Swiss Canton of Tessin is described. After hibernating in the ground, 

 the beetles ascend the trees from mid-April onwards and feed for a 

 few days. Oviposition occurs at the end of April or early in May, 

 the eggs being laid on the lower side of the leaves. The beetles die 

 about six weeks later. After hatching the larvae remain together for 

 about four days and then separate. The very young larvae gnaw the 

 mesophyll and the epidermis of the lower side of the leaves ; the 

 older larvae eat holes in them. The adults, which emerge about mid- 

 June, attack the leaves from the edges and do not make holes. There 

 is another generation early in August, which hibernates at the end of 

 the month. The feeding of this Chrysomelid only results in a loss 

 of growth. It appears to have few natural enemies, though a 

 millipede {Lithobius) seems to prey upon the hibernating adults, while 

 Syrphid larvae, including Syrphus umbellatarum, attack the larvae. 



Alders in Tessin are also attacked by the larvae of Coleophora 

 fuscedinella, Zell. The pupae are attached to the lower side of the 

 leaves and first appear at the end of June. The moths emerge about 

 mid- July. There is no second generation in Tessin, so that the alders 

 renew the lost foliage and only suffer from loss of growth. The 

 only remedial measure appears to be the collection and destruction 

 of the pupae. 



SciiEiDTER (F.). Schlagruhe und Riisselkafer. [Suspension of Felling 

 and Weevils.]— Fo>'s/'a'. Central bl., 1920, pp. 144-150. (Abstract 

 in Zeitschr. angew. Ent., Berlin, viu, no. 1, September 1921, p. 208.) 



A postponement of felling to prevent infestation by weevils is useless, 

 since the adults are good flyers at the mating period and cannot be 

 kept from new plantations even by deferring felling for several years. 

 The long life of the beetle and the prolonged oviposition period are other 

 reasons against this practice. The problem of dealing with Hylobitis is 

 the most important one in the domain of forest entomology in Germany. 



ScHEiDTER (F.). Ueber Lebensweise und Bekampfung dreier Tannen- 

 feinde, des Weisstannenriisslers, des kriimmzahnigen und des 

 kleinen WeisstannenborkenkaJers. [The Life-history and Control 

 of three Enemies of Silver Fir, Pissodes piceae, Ips cnrvidcns 

 and Cryphalus piceae.] — Paper prepared for the Forest Dept. 

 of the Bavarian Ministry of Finance, 7 photogr. plates, Munich, 

 1920. (Abstract in Zeitschr. angew. Ent., Berlin, viii, no. 1, 

 September 1921, p. 209.) 



The dying back of silver fir [ Abies pectinata] in the Frankenwald in 

 North Bavaria has created conditions very favourable to secondary 

 pests [R.A.E., A, viii, 332]; of these Pissodes piceae, Ips curvidens 

 and Cryphalus piceae arc the most to be feared. 



