ORDERS USED OR PROPOSED FOR CLASSIFICATION. 79 



lice, scale insects, mealy bugs, tree-hoppers, lantern-flies, seventeen 

 year locusts, the bed-bug, body-lice, etc. 



6. Orthopteka — (from orthos, straiglit, and pf era, wings) including 

 crickets, locusts (the true), grasshoppers, walking-sticks, cockroaches, 

 Croton-bugs, etc. 



7. Neuroptera — (from neuron, nerve, and ptera, wings) including 

 white-ants, May-flies, dragon-flies, lace-wings, ant-lions, caddis-worms, 

 etc. 



Several other orders have been proposed, and have been adopted, in 

 whole or in part, by entomologists, as they differ in their views as to 

 the extent to which these divisions should be carried. Some of them 

 contain but a single family each, or a Linnean genus. As of interest 

 to the student, and as explanatory of differences in classification 

 which may present themselves to the general reader, they are here 

 given : — 



Aphaniptera, of Kirby (inconspicuous wings), or Aptera Leach 

 (wingless): consisting of the flea family {PuUcid(B) above included in 

 Diptera. 



Strepsiptera, of Kirby (twisted wings) ; the Rhipiptera, of La- 

 treille: consisting of bee parasites, constituting the family of Stylopi- 

 dcB of Coleoptera. 



HoMOPTERA, of Latreille (equal wings); embracing those of the Hem- 

 iptera which have the wings wholly membraneous, the remainder being 

 placed in a separate order of IIeteroptera, of Westwood (dissimilar 

 wings). 



Euplexoptera, of Westwood (well-folded wings), or Dermaptera, 

 of Leach (skin-wings) : consisting of the family of earwigs or Forficu- 

 iidce, usually placed in Orthoptera. 



Thysanoptera, of Haliday (fringe wings): containing the minute 

 insects known as Thrips, of the family lliripidcB: generally classed 

 with Homoptera, although having affinities with both Orthoptera and 

 Neuroptera. 



Trichoptera, of Kirby (hairy wings) ; containing the caddis-flies, 

 or Phryganidce of the Neuroptera. 



HoMALOPTERA, of Leacli ; containing the spider-flies, bird-flies and 

 sheep-ticks of the families of Hippoboscidce and Nycteriiidm of the 

 Diptera. 



Thysanura, of Latreille — (from thysanos, a fringe, and otira, a, 

 tail) : containing the bristle-tails or Lepismatidm and the spring-tails, 

 or Podurid(B, usually united with the Neuroptera.* 



*Dr. Packard, in his last edition of his Guide to the Study of Insects (1878), accepts this 

 Group as an 8th Order, to be added to the seven usually adopted. 



