THE LARCH LAPPET: ITS PUPA AND PUPATION. 



95 



ened externally, smooth interiorly, moderately firm and thick but 

 diaphanous, composed of two layers of silk, which are usually more 

 closely united than represented in Fig. 21, which shows the under 

 surface with the thin lower layer forming the ground-work removed, 

 disclosing the pupa-case from which the moth has emerged through 

 ilie ruptured upper part of the cocoon. 



The Pupa. 



The pupa is dark-brown, about 0.60 inch long, from 0.27 to 0.30 

 inch broad across the wing-cases, and only about 0,18 

 inch thick, being much flattened beneath. The in- 

 cisures are deep and the segments well rounded, and 

 continuing broad in the female, as shown in the 

 figure, until their abrupt termination. The anal 

 segment is tipped upon its upper side with two mi- 

 nute sharp teeth or by a bifid tubercle having a small 

 granulation (shown under a lens) on each side. The 

 male pupa is readily recognizable by its narrower ter- 

 minal segments, and the well-defined antennae cases 

 showing at the point of the antenual twist a sensible 

 contraction, and above it a broad lobe-like expansion, 

 outwardly beyond the regular curve of this portion of 

 the pupa. The features of the female pupa are essen- 

 tially shown in the pupa-case, represented within its cocoon, in Fig. 21. 



Fio. 21. — Pupa- 

 case of TOLTPELAR- 

 icis, within its co- 

 coon, seen from be- 

 neath, with lower 

 surface removed. 



Pupation. 



The pupation was quite brief — only twelve days, if three days be 

 allowed for the change within the cocoon of the larva to the pupa. 

 The first moth emerged June 1. The following is the record of dates 

 of emergence of the thirty-three examples obtained : it is of interest 

 in not showing the priority in the time of the male, which is found 

 in many lepidoptera, but a singular alternation between the sexes of 

 the first half of the brood: — 



June 1 



" 4 1 



" 5 



** 6 :i 



" 7 



" 8 2 



" 9 



*' 11..... 1 



"12 .. 2 



" 13 ■ ' 



