THE VAGABOND CRAMBUS : ITS BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. 127 



Crambus vulg'ivagellus Clemens. 



The Vagabond Crambus. 



Order Lepidoptera ; Family Pyralid.e. 



Clicmkns : in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G0, p. 203 (original description). 



Zelleu : Beitr. Keunt. nordamer. Nachtf., i, 1872, p. 93 (539), (comparative ob- 

 servations, as G. chalyhirostris). 



GiiOTE: in Canad. Entomol., xii, 1880, p. 17 (Vancouver locality) ; lb., p. 79, (list 

 of (Jrambua species). 



LiNTNEU : in Alb. Eve. Journ., of May 23, 1881* (ravages of " army-worm "); lb., 

 of July 1 (Crambus species and N. violaiiH); lb., of Sept. 8 (cocoons, 

 imago, and predictions) ; Courier and Freeman [Potsdam, N. Y.], of May 

 26 (distribution, alarm, etc.); St. Lawrence Repub., of June 8 (ravages, 

 habits, etc., with N. tiol'ins) ; lb., of Sept. 14 {eggs and moths) ; lb., of 

 Sept. 28 (reprint from Ogs. Daily Journ. , of Sept. 21); Tlie Husband- 

 man [Elmira, N. Y.],of Sept. 14 (ravages, habits, description, transfor- 

 mations, etc.); Ogdensburg [N. Y.] Daily Journ., of Sept. 21 (remedies 

 proposed); Count. Gent. [Albany, N. Y.], of June 2, xlvi, p. 35i) (from 

 Alb. Eve. Journ., of May 23); lb., of June 9 (identified as N. violans) ; 

 lb., of Sept. 29 (abundance, predictions, etc.). 



: in Cincinnati Commercial, of Aug. 20; Cin. Daily Gazette, of Aug: 20 ; 



Science [N. Y. city], of Oct. 1, ii, p. 467 (abstracts of paper at A. A. A. 

 S.). 



Adams : in Watertown [N. Y.'\ Daily Times, of Aug. 22 (history, etc.). 



KiLEY : in Amer. Nat., xv, p. 574 (associated with N. violann); lb., p. 750; lb., 

 p. 914 (abundance, description, and eggs). 



Saunders: in Canad. Entomol., xiii, pp. 181-3, 199, 200; in Ann. Rept. Ent. 

 Soc. Ontario, for 1881-1882, (1882), pp. 6, 13 (general notice). 



Riley .- ia Ann. Rept. Cominis. Agricul. for 1881-1883, (1883), pp. 179-183 (injury, 

 natural history, description, remedies, and bibliography). 



The history herewith presented of the insect whicli suddenly ap- 

 peared in such countless numbers in the pastures and meadows of 

 iSTorthern New York the past year (1881) is of such unusual in- 

 terest, from the extent of its distribution, its serious ravages, the 

 alarm excited by its advent, the probability of its recurrence, and also 

 as aiTording an illustration of a phenomenon not un frequently ob- 

 served by entomologists — of tlie sudden multiplication of a hitherto 

 harmless insect into formidable and destructive hosts — that no 

 apology is required for presenting it in more than ordinary detail, or 

 for the repetition of much that has been already published by me (see 

 references above) in several newspajicrs and other journals. 



First Notice of its Occurrence. 

 On the 18th of May last, letters were received by me from Potsdam, 

 N. Y., and also by Mr. T. L. Ilarison, Secretary of the State Agricul- 

 tural Society, announcing a formidable invasion of the grass-lands 

 of several of the towns of St. Lawrence county by the army-worm. 



*All tlie following citations (except the last two) are of the same year (Ibbl). 



