THE VAGABOND CRAMBUS : KEMEDIES. 149 



menfc would be so inconsiderable that several lanterns might be used 

 in eacli field. 



Deep plotving. — A recurrence of an attack in a pasture or meadow 

 may be prevented by deep plowing in the autumn, ut any time after 

 the middle of September. The eggs or the young larvce would be 

 crushed or so deeply buried that their death must necessarily follow. 



Use of gas-lime. — It is believed that a liberal dressing of the pas- 

 tures during autumn or winter with gas-lime (as suggested on page 53) 

 of strength and quantity not sufficient to destroy the roots, will be 

 very efficient in killing the young larvae. 



Crainbus exsiccatus Zeller. 

 TJie Dried Crambtis. 



Ord. LEPIDOPTERA: Fam. PYRALID^. 

 Zelleu : Chilonidarum et Crambidarum gen. et spec. ; in Programm der Koenigl, 



Realschule in Meseritz, ISGO, pp. 37,38 no. 88. 

 LiNTNER : in Alb. Eve. Journ., of July 1, 1881 ; in Husbandman [Elmira, N. T.J, 



Sept. 14, 1881 ; in Science [N. Y. City], for Oct. 1881, ii, p. 467. 

 Riley: in American Naturalist, Sept. 1881, p 750 (mention). 

 Gkote : in Canad. Entomol., xii, 1880, p. 78 (liabitaf). 



The caterpillar of this species, of which the moth is represented in 

 Fig. 39, was collected in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., on or about the 



20th of May, in company with exam- 

 ples of Crambus vulgivagellus, which 

 abounded then in the pastures of 

 Northern New York, as noticed in the 

 preceding pages. The larvas collected 

 Fig. 39 -Crambus EXSICCATUS -twice at that time Were not obscrved with 

 its natunii size. Sufficient care to detect more than 



two species (those subsequently ascertained to be C. vulgivagellus and 

 Kephelodes violans), but it is probable that but little difference could 

 have been detected between the two Crambids. They were confined 

 in a box with sod, and a few days thereafter, when a number had died, 

 and all but two or three had disappeared from the blades of grass, one 

 of the l.irvse, not distinguishable at the time from the others, was re- 

 moved to a small tin box with some tender grass for its food. It ate 

 but little after its confinement, for on the 31st of May, it was found 

 to have made a slight cocoon between the blades of grass, of so few 

 threads that it could be distinctly seen in its somewhat contracted 

 form, indicating approaching pupation. It was observed daily, and 

 on the 20th of June it had thrown off its caterpillar covering and 

 changed to its pupal state. The cocoon, if such it might be called. 



