194 PIRST ANNUAL EEPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Remedies and Preventives. 



Salt and lime combined, and mixed with the soil previously to sow- 

 ing the seed, or applying it to the surface after sowing, was attended 

 with excellent results. A correspondent of the Gardener's Magazine, 

 recommends "for the protection of turnips against the attacks of the fly 

 and other insects, that the plants be made offensive to the parent fly, 

 which may be done by incorporating with the soil soap-boilers' waste, 

 or any other substance of similar alkaline quality." It is recommended 

 that the plants be watered with " a mixture of one gallon of soap-suds 

 to one gallon of gas-water, or, in lieu of the latter, two quarts of gas- 

 tar; either will do, as the only use of the mixture is to create an of- 

 fensive smell." 



It will be seen that the above recommendations are similar to the 

 means adopted by Professor Cook for averting the attack of the radish- 

 fly by the odor of carbolic acid. 



In experiments made by the Zoolog.-Botan. Society of Vienna, plants 

 were preserved from attack by manuring the ground with superphos- 

 phate. 



Aiithomjia rapiiani Han-is. 

 Tlie Radish-fly. 



Ord. DIPTERA : Fam. ANTHOBTVIID^. 



Harris : Rept, Ins. Mass., 1841, p. 415 ; Treat. Ins. New. Eng., 1852, p. 494; Ins. 



Inj. Veg., 1863, p. 617 (brief description of the fly). 

 Fitch: Eleventh Rept. Ins. N. Y., in Trans. N. Y. St. Agricul. Soc. for 1866, 



xxvi, 1867, pp. 515-517. 

 Packard : Guide Study Ins., 1869, p. 411 (mention). 

 Trimble : in Amer. Entomol., ii, 1870, p. 273 (habits in N. J.). 

 Glover: MS. Notes Journ. — Dipt. 1874. p. 3 (reference and habits). 

 Cook: in Thirteenth Ann. Rept. Mich. St. Board Agricul. for 1874, (1875), p. 121 



(natural history and remedies); in Canad. Ent., xiii, 1881, p. 190 (carbolic 



acid remedy). 

 Packard : in Hayden's Ninth Rept. G.-G. Surv. Terr., 1877, p. 762, pi. 63. f. 2 



of radicum from Curtis (description from Fitch). 

 Garfield : in Sixteenth Ann. Rept. Mich. St. Board Agricul. for 1877, (1878), p. 



61 (experiments with remedies). 

 OsT. Sack.: Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., 1878, p. 168 (references and localities). 



The most Injurious of Radish Insects. 

 For some reasons not evident to us, the radish is not subject to the 

 attack of as many species of insects, as are most of our vegetables and 

 garden plants. We can recall at the present comparatively few which 

 prey upon it. The caterpillar of the white cabbage-butterfly Pieris 

 rapoe, is sometimes found feeding upon its leaves. Two of the flea- 



