THE KADISH-FLY : REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES. 199 



remedy. Xot ouc-tenth of the radishes were saved {RepL Si. Board 

 Agricul. for 1877, p. Gl). 



It is thought that benefit has been derived from late sowing in clayey 

 soil, as the insect has been observed to be very injurious to earlier crops 

 and upon sandy soil. 



Professor Cook last year recommended the use of bisulphide of car- 

 bon for the destruction of the larvae, but he has subsequently con- 

 cluded, in consideration of the amount of the liquid necessary for 

 thorough execution, that the expense would be too great to warrant its 

 use. The trial was made to lessen the expense by applying the liquid 

 in fewer places in the beds, at some distance apart, but it did not give 

 as good results as when similarly used for the destruction of the cab- 

 bage Anthomyia. During the present year, he has experimented with 

 carbolic acid, as a cheaper agent, known to be very repellant to insects, 

 and remarkable for retaining its disagreeable odor for a long time. It 

 was prepared by adding two quarts of soft soap to two gallons of water, 

 to which, when heated to the boiling point, a pint of crude carbolic 

 acid was turned in. For use, one part of this mixture was taken with 

 fifty parts of water, and applied by sprinkling directly upon the plants. 

 It was used in three localities in the college grounds, and it was found 

 that a single application kept the insects at bay for about two weeks. 

 AVhen applied weekly, the radishes were almost entirely free from at- 

 tack, although the flies were observed and captured in the vicinity, 

 and some beds near by, but not protected by the carbolic liquid, were 

 badly injured. It is recommended to sprinkle the plants as soon as 

 they arc up, and to repeat the oj^eration every week or ten days there- 

 after ; and the caution is appended, " if sprinkled directly upon the 

 plants, the mixture must not be so concentrated as to injure them." 



The above method gives promise of enabling us to prevent the rav- 

 ages of the radish-fly (and of many other insects), by simple but effect- 

 ual means. It will be very encouraging if subsequent experiments 

 with the carbolic acid liquid in other localities and under different 

 conditions of soil are attended with results quite as satisfactory as 

 those above recorded. 



Anthomyia zese Riley. 

 Tlie Seed-corn Fly. 



(Ord. DIPTERA: Fam. ANTHOMVIDiE.) 



Anthomyia zens Riley: 1st Rept. Ina. Mo., 18G9, pp. 154-150, figs, 86,87, pi. 2, f. 24. 



A. zens Walsh : in Araer. Entomol., i, 1860, p. 224, figs. 158, 159. 



A. zclB Packaud : Guide Study Ins., 1869, p. 411, f. 344 (mention). 



A. zem Glover: MS. Notes Jour.-Dipt., 1874, p. 3, pi. 8, f. 26 ; pi. 9,f. 33. 



A zcce Riley : Gen. lud. and Supp. Repts. Ins. Mo., 1881, p. 89. 



A. zeas Ost. Sacken : Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., 1878, p. 168. 



The operations of this insect were fii'st detected in Xew Jersey, in 



