218 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



never known to be attacked by them, but the slightest indication of fer- 

 mentation attracts them in great numbers, and about heaps of cider 

 refuse I have seen them in clouds."* 



The Larvae. 



I have not observed the larva of this species. Mr. Bowles {loc. cit.) 

 gives this account of it : " The larvae, when full grown, are nearly one- 

 fourth of an inch long, somewhat tapering toward the head, which is 

 small, and are sparsely covered with minute hairs, particularly on the 

 divisions of the segments. They have no feet, but can travel quite 

 ra])idly on glass, seeming to retain their hold by a glutinous condition 

 of the skin, and moving by extending and contracting their bodies. 

 They seem to exist with ease either in the vinegar or the air, moving 

 through the former in search of food, and sometimes coming out of it, 

 and either resting or moving about on the sides of the vessel. Their 

 bodies were quite transparent, and under the microscope, their internal 

 organs could easily be seen. At both ends of their bodies are curious 

 projections or tubercles, which are also seen in the pupa. The pu- 

 parium is about three-sixteenths inch long, oval in shape, and yellow- 

 ish-brown in color, with the tubercles at head and ta-il before referred 

 to." 



A jar of pickled raspberries prepared for raspberry vinegar, opened 

 about ten days after it had been put up, was found to be swarming 

 with hundreds of the larvae, crawling on the sides of the jar and under- 

 side of the cover, while numbers of pups, singly and in clusters, were 

 found near the cover of the jar. The pupal state lasted ten or twelve 

 days. 



Other Species of Drosophila. 



Twenty-five North American species of Drosophila are catalogued, 

 which have all, with the exception of three speciesf common to Europe 

 and America, been described by Dr. Loew, the distinguished Prussian 

 Dipterist (lately deceased), and Mr, Walker of the British Museum. 

 They have not been studied by our American entomologists, and con- 

 sequently nothing is known of their habits. I find no reference to a 

 single determined species by any of our writers. J 



Apple-infesting Drosophilas. 



In the American Naturalist, vol. ii, p. ri41, an unknown species of 



*At Bennington. Vt., in August of the preseut year (1882), I saw beneath pieces of 

 boards lying upon a large patch of decomposed cider refuse of last year, numbers of what 

 was thought to be this species, but the examples taken were lost before comparison could 

 be made. 



f Drosophila /unebris "Me^gea, D. giraminum Fallen, and D. transversa Tallen. 



tSee Note upon page ii21. 



