THE WHEAT-STEM MAGGOT: PREVENTIVES. 227 



and the "carpet-bug" is a beetle, and not a member of the order of 

 bugs {Ilemipkra). The name of " maggot " indicates the hirval state 

 of a fly, and should be allowed no farther latitude ; a grub is under- 

 stood to be the larva of a beetle, and a caterpillar the larva of a but- 

 terfly or moth. 



Preventives. 



In tlie event of an increase of the wheat-stem maggot to a serious 

 extent, we regret to have to state, that in all probability, very little 

 can be done to control its ravages, and our main dependence will have 

 to be ou j^arasitic aid. Measures which can advantageously be cm- 

 ployed in controlling other of our wheat pests, as turning over the 

 soil or burning the stubble, would be of no avail with this insect. Its 

 pupation and transformation to the perfect stage take place, as pre- 

 viously related, within the plant, and it emerges before the grain is 

 harvested. In some of the countries of Europe, where the ravages of 

 the Oscinidm are excessive, whenever they become extremely abundant, 

 relief is found in a resort to the culture of other crops for a few years. 



INJURIOUS COLEOPTEEOTJS INSECTS. 

 Macrodactylus subspiuosiis (Fabr.) 

 The Rose-Beetle. 



Ord. COLEOPTERA ; Fam. SCARABJEIDJK.) 



Fabr: "Syst. Eat., 1775, p. 39 " (MeloloKtha subspinous}, 



Lowell -. in Massachusetts Agricul. Repos.-Journ,, ix, 1826, pp. 143-147. 



Harris ; ia Repts. Commis. Zoolog. Surv. [Mass.], 1838, p. 71 ; in Mass. Agricul. 

 Repos.-Journ., X, 1837, pp. 1-13; Treat. Ins. N. Eng., 1852, p. 30 ; in 

 Bost, Cult., xvii, 1855, p. 283; Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, p. 35, f, 16; Entomo- 

 log. Corr., 1869, p. 71. 



Emmons : Nat. Hist. N. Y.— Agricul., v, 1854, p. 78, pi. 5, f, 13. 



Fitch: in Count Gent., 1856, p. 75; same, in The Cultivator, 3d ser., iv, pp. 270, 

 271 (general notice); First -Second Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1856, pp. 245-252, 

 pi. 2,f. 3; in Trans. N. Y. St. Agricul. Soc, for 1856, p. 682 (comparison 

 with M. barlxjUus). 



R.\TnvON : in Rept. Commis. Patents for 1801, (1862), p. 602. 



Glover: in Rept. Commis. Agricul. for 1863, pp. 567-8 (habits, food-plants, 

 remedies); Id. for 1867. p. 71 (figure and mention); Id. for 1808, p. 87, f. 

 65 (brief history), pp. 104, 107-115 (food-plants); Id. for 1872, p. 123 

 (remedy); Id. for 1874, p. 125 (ou grapes) 



Walsh: First Ann. Rept. Ins. 111., 1868, p. 24 (preference for Clinton grape-vine). 



Hentz : in Harr. Entomolog. Corr., 1869, p. 69 (rose-bug) 



Packard : Guide Study Ins., 1809, p. 454 (transformations). 



Wlsh.-Ril. : in Amer. Entomol., i, 1869, p. 251 (on apples). 



Bktiiunr: iti First Ann. Rept. Ins. Ontario, 1871, p. 78 (history). 



Saunders: in Rept. Entomolog. Soc. Ontario, for 1873, (1873), pp. 10, 11, f. 1 (in- 

 jury to grapes) ; in Canad. Entomol., xii, 1880, p. 196 (on cherries). 



Riley: in Trans. Ivans. St. Bd. Agricul. for 1872, (1873). p. 318. f. 18 ; Fifth 

 Ann. Rept. Ins. Mo., 1873, pp. 108-110, f. 39 (natural history, etc.). 



