THE APPLE MAGGOT : REMEDIAL MEASURES. 1 23 



cnpm pnjnnnella] by this time has ceased its work, but the depredations 

 of the apple-maggot continue up to the present time, converting the pulp 

 of the apple into a mere honey-comb and rendering another overhauling, 

 soon, indispensable." 



As a possible explanation of the statement of Mr. June that Spitzen- 

 berg apples were free from attack in 1883, when they had been destroyed 

 the preceding year, the following is offered: The period of time during 

 which apples are liable to attack in the deposit of the eggs may be com- 

 paratively brief. At the time when the fly was abroad, in 1883, and en- 

 gaged in oviposition, the Spitzenbergs, from seasonable peculiarity, may 

 either have been not far enough, or too far, advanced for the reception of 

 the eggs. 



Remedial Measures. 



In the event of its being found by examination that the infested fruit 

 to any large amount, falls to the ground with the contained larvae, it is 

 obvious that much may be done by giving sheep the range of the orchard 

 to feed upon the apples, or, if this be not practicable, then to pick them 

 up and feed them to stock. But, from the statement of Mr. June, it 

 seems probable that the fruit which fell from the trees did not contain 

 larvce. This would seem to be supported by the fact that I can recall, 

 a few years ago, seeing a variety of early apple (the kind not noted) 

 offered for sale in the Albany market, which, while entirely fair ex- 

 ternally, and showing none of the bruises of windfalls, upon being cut 

 into, the central portion was found burrowed after the manner described 

 and semi-pulpy, and still retaining the larvse — with little doubt, those of 

 this Tri/pcta. 



Additional observations are needed upon the time and manner of the 

 larvoi leaving the fruit, and, in the earlier kinds of apples, entering the 

 ground, while in the later and stored varieties it is desirable to learn 

 where the insect goes for pupation. Until these facts are ascertained, 

 with others that are needed to complete the life-history, we will not be 

 able to do much toward mitigating the evil. The attack of the aj)ple-worm 

 ])roducing the codling-moth may be to a great extent prevented by 

 showering the trees soon after the setting of the fruit with Paris green 

 or London purple in water, but the month of July, when the Trypeta de- 

 ];osits her eggs, would be too late for the application of these poisonous 

 substances to the early fruit. At the present our efforts may, perhaps, 

 be directed with the best success toward the destruction of the insect in 

 its pupal state. If it shall be found that the pupation, as a rule, takes 

 l^lace in the orchards, beneath the infested trees, in the ground at the 

 depth of an inch or two, then it may easily be reached there. But, if 

 the pupation follows the storing of the fruit, then the discovery of tlic 

 retreat of tlie larva: for pupation should give us the means for their de- 

 struction. 



