23 



from the United States and on castor beans from India ; Bruchus 

 pisonim in peas and Lepidopterous larvae in cucumber seeds from 

 Japan ; codling moth [Cydia pomonella] on crab-apples from San 

 Francisco. 



Rane (F. W.). Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Forester, 1918.— 



Massachusetts State Forester, Boston, Public Document no. 73, 

 1919, 54 pp., 4 plates. [Received 25th November 1919.] 



The campaign against the gipsy moth [Porthetria dispar] has been 

 continued successfully and included thinning and spraying operations. 

 In districts where the moth has spread from the forest to the cranberry 

 bogs work has been carried out in cooperation with the Cape Cod 

 Cranberry Growers Association and has consisted mainly in the removal 

 of trees from the land immediately adjacent to these bogs. 



Jegen (G.). Die Schadlingsbekampfung im Winter. [Winter Work 

 against Insect Vests.]^Schweiz. Zeitschr. Obst- u. Weinbau, 

 Frauenfeld, xxviii, no. 23, 31st October 1919, pp. 380-383. 



From an agricultural point of view work done in winter against 

 iosect pests has obvious advantages. The insects amenable to winter 

 treatment include Eriosoma lanigerum and other Aphids, Chevnatobia 

 brumata in the egg-stage, Anthonomus pomorum, Cydia pomonella in 

 the larval and pupal stages, and various plant-bugs. The trees must 

 be scraped, all the debris being burnt, and then sprayed with a 5 per 

 cent, solution of soft-soap. 



Nashi-hime-shinkui, [Smaller Pear Boiei, Laspeyresia molesta, Busek].— 

 Assoc, for Pear Protection, KasJiima Village, ShizuoJca Prefecture, 

 July 1919, 18 pp., 1 plate. 



Cydia (Laspeyresia) molesta, Busck, known as the Oriental peach 

 moth in the United States and commonly called the smaller pear-borer 

 in Japan, is one of the most destructive insects in the latter part of the 

 world. It occurs in nearly all the Provinces of the Empire, and where 

 it is most numerous 80% or 90% of the pear crop may be destroyed 

 by it. Unfortunately no effective measures have as yet been found for 

 dealing with it. There are four— or according to the most recent 

 observations — five generations in a year, the time of appearance 

 varpng with the climate of the locality. It passes the winter in the 

 larval state within cracks in the bark, etc., and pupates at the end of 

 March. The newly emerged moth of the first generation lays its eggs 

 singly on the shoots of peach or flowering cherry. It is a remarkable 

 fact that if there are plantations of peach or cherry trees in the neigh- 

 bourhood of pear orchards, the eggs of the first and second generations 

 are invariably laid on the shoots of these plants in preference to those 

 of pears. The eggs of the third generation however are laid on the 

 fruit of pear, the shoots of peach and cherry having at this time become 

 less tender. If however the pear orchard has no peach or cherry trees 

 in its vicinity, the insect may breed entirely on pear trees from the 

 first generation onwards. The insect always migrates to the youngest 

 shoots, especially in rainy weather or after rain. 



