?AiLLOT (A.)- La Karyokinetose ; Fails nouveaux et Considerations 

 g6n6ra!es. -C.7?. hebdom. Acad. Sri., Pam, clxix, no. 17, 27th 

 October 1919, pp. 740-742. 



Karyokinetosis, a reaction of immunity, has been noticed in addi- 

 tional species [R.A.E. A, vii, 486] especially in Lepidopterous pests 

 of cabbages belonging to the genus Mamestra. All entomophytous 

 organisms experimented with gave the same result, even the most 

 pathogenic coccobacilli such . as Bacillus melohnthae Uquefacicns a , 

 and B. lymantriae adiposus. 



Karyokinetosis may be considered to be a direct microbic reaction 

 on the nucleocytes of the blood and is a phenomenon independent 

 of phagocytosis. It has not been actually observed in the cockchafer 

 [MeloJmitha] and its larvae or the caterpillars of Vanessa urticae, 

 Eriogaster lanestris, Pieris brassicae and P. rajxte. Phagocytosis 

 is more or less active in these species, especially in respect of certain 

 microbes such as Bacillus liparis ; in spite of this, mortality is con- 

 siderable amongst inoculated caterpillars. In caterpillars of greater 

 resistance, such as Lymantria dispar, immunity is incomplete. Certain 

 caterpillars iiicluding those belonging to the genus Lymantria proved 

 absolutely immune to a Coccobacillus isolated from a cockchafer, 

 although this organism is no more phagocytised than is B. liparis. It 

 also gives rise to more intense karyokinetosis than any other organism. 



DE Faria (D.). Os Inimigos dos nossos Livros. [Enemies ^f our 

 Books.]— Servigo Sanit. do Estado de Sao Paulo, S. Paulo, N.S. 

 no. 4, 1919, 40 pp., 5 plates. 



This paper describes measures against insects that destroy books 

 in the Brazilian State of S. Paulo. The only Coleoptera are two 

 Anobiids, Catorama Jierharium and Dorcatoma hihliopTiagum brasiliense. 

 The damage they do is very extensive, Lepisma and other book pests 

 being of little importance. D. kibliophagum appears to be exclusively 

 a book pest, while C. herbccrium attacks furniture and other woods 

 as well. They are crepuscular or nocturnal in habit and in hot summer 

 evenings have been seen at nightfall to issue from books and go to 

 the windows. The eggs are laid on the binding or on the edges of the 

 leaves. The larvae hatch in 5-6 days and burrow in search of pasted 

 portions ; when their mandibles become stronger they begin to feed on 

 the binding and continue to do so until the pupal stage. They then 

 return to the external surface, which in the case of books on library 

 shelves is the backs. Here they increase the size of the mine and cover 

 it with a roof of excreta and paper. The adult emerges through a 

 hole in the thin wall of the chamber and the perforations seen on 

 the backs of books are these exit-holes. These may subsequently 

 be used for oviposition, though the primary infestation is due to 

 larvae that have hatched on the surface of the books into which 

 they burrow through minute holes. As a general rule the develop- 

 ment of these beetles in S. Paulo takes place from October to December. 

 Different stages occur at the same time. Eggs have not been found, 

 nor was the act of oviposition observed. 



To be effective against these beetles an insecticide must destroy 

 all stages from egg to adult, and sulphurous anhydride is recommended 

 for this purpose. The pressure necessary for all parts of the books to 



