47 



Headlee (T. J.). Vegetable Plant Lice. — New Jersey Agric. Expt. 

 Sta.,New Brunswick, N.J., Circ. 107, 26th February 1919, 21 pp. 

 14 figs. [Received 2nd December 1919.] 



This circular has been prepared to meet the need that has been 

 experienced during the last few years for a publication that will bring 

 together in concise form a knowledge of the different Aphids that 

 injure vegetables crops in New Jersey, with some account of their 

 habits and directions for insecticide sprays. 



The species dealt with include : — Macrosiphum solanifolii, Ashm. 

 (pink and green potato aphis), Myzus persicae, Sulz. (green peach aphis), 

 Acyrthosiphon {Macrosiphum) pisi, Kalt. (green pea aphis). Aphis 

 rumicis, L. (bean aphis), Brevicoryne {Aphis) hrassicae (cabbage aphis), 

 A. pseudobrassicae (false cabbage aphis) and A. gossypii (melon aphis). 

 The life-histories of these species are briefly described and illustrated. 



The weather is largely the determining factor in Aphid outbreaks. 

 Clean cultivation is very necessary in order to destroy the plants 

 and vegetable refuse on which the Aphids pass the winter. As soon 

 as the beginning of infestation is noted a spray should promptly be' 

 ap})lied, using 1 part 40 per cent, nicotine to 500 parts water, with 

 the addition of 2 to 5 lb. (according to hardness of the water) of soap 

 to 50 U.S. gals, water. Suitable apparatus and machinery for use 

 on garden and field crops are described and illustrated. 



Urbahns (T. D.). U.S. Bur. Entora. Grasshoppers and Control 

 Measures. — Mthly. Bull. Cal. State Dept. Agric, Sacramento, viii, no. 

 9, September 1919, pp. 518-528, 8 figs. 



Although agriculture and cultivation have extended over vast areas 

 of the western States, there are still large stretches of land west of the 

 Sierra Nevada Mountains where the breeding grounds of grasshoppers 

 remain practically unchanged. In addition to this, many of the species 

 have become adapted to lucerne and other cultivated fields, so that the 

 source of a destructive grasshopper outbreak is not necessarily from 

 the hills and dry lands as generally supposed, but severe annual 

 losses are experienced in fields and orchards from swarms of the pest 

 that have bred in the near vicinity. 



The most destructive species occurring in California are Melanoplus 

 differentialis, Thom., which apparently prefers lucerne to any other 

 food-plant, but frequently also attacks orchards and gardens ; 

 M. atlantis, Riley (lesser migratory grasshopper), which breeds freely in 

 lucerne and other grass-lands and also feeds on melons, beans and many 

 other plants ; Camnula pellucida, Scud, (yellow-winged grasshopper), 

 which breeds chiefly on grasslands and is destructive to native meadows, 

 maize, oats, beans, and in young orchards and gardens ; Melanoplus 

 marginatiis, which breeds in lucerne fields, foothills and grasslands, 

 and is injurious to lucerne and in orchards and gardens ; Oedaleus 

 enigma, which breeds in large numbers in dry grasslands and is des- 

 tructive in lucerne and young orchards ; Melanoplus devastator. Scud., 

 which breeds on dry lands and lucerne fields and is destructive to 

 lucerne and in vineyards, orchards, gardens and bean fields ; and 

 Schistocerca venusta, which breeds in lucerne fields of the Imperial 

 and San Joaquin valleys and frequently flies in swarms in maize fields. 

 Each of these species is figured and briefly described. ' 



