78 



C. albicans and C. punctata, and these are probably preferred owing 

 to the abundance of pubescence along the veins on the lower sides 

 of the leaves. 



The eggs are laid in groups of from 18 to 20 on the under-surface 

 of the leaf in the axil formed by the midrib and its lateral branches. 

 The egg-laying period extends over several weeks, so that all stages 

 may be found together during July and August. There are two 

 generations in Ithaca. The first brood hatches in July from eggs 

 laid in May and June and the second in August and September from 

 eggs laid in July and August. During the cooler weather of June 

 the eggs hatch in about 37 days, but in August the nymphs emerge 

 after 18 days. They feed in colonies on the under-surface of the 

 leaves, sucking the sap and causing the leaves to turn brown and 

 fall off. The nymphs moult five times and feed from 3 to 4 days 

 between the earlier moults and 5 to 6 in the later stages requiring 

 a total of from 20 to 25 days. The adults also feed on the leaves 

 and those of the second brood which emerge in September continue 

 feeding until the leaves fall. They hibernate in this stage in the 

 crevices of the bark or on the leaves with which they have fallen. 

 The hibernating adults recommence feeding towards the end of May, 

 but as comparatively few of them survive the winter the first brood 

 causes little injury. Many of the last stage nymphs are preyed 

 upon by spiders. Should the nymphs of the second brood become too 

 numerous they may be controlled by one of the nicotine sprays in 

 use against leaf -bugs on apple. The spray should be directed upwards 

 so as to ensure reaching the under-surface of the leaves. The nymphal 

 stages are described. 



Frost (S. W.). The Function of the Anal Comb of certain Lepi- 

 dopterous Larvae. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N. H., xii, no. 6, 

 December 1919, pp. 446-447, 1 fig. 



Hitherto the anal comb of certain Lepidopterous larvae such as 

 Cydia (Laspeyresia) molesta, Busck, C. (L.) prunivora, Walsh, and 

 G. (L.) pomonella, Clem., has been a useful character in separating 

 such closely allied species, but no definite function has been attributed 

 to it. Whilst examining a larva of Sparganothis indoeusaJis, Wlk., 

 it was noticed that this organ is instrumental in disposing of the 

 frass, which it removes from the neighbourhood of the body. It 

 was further noticed only in some external feeders and it is wanting 

 in case-bearers, leaf-miners and borers such as Mineola indiginella, Z., 

 Eucosma (Tmetocera) ocellana, Schiff., Tischeria malifoliella, Clem., 

 Phyllorycter (LitJiocolletis) blancardella, P., and Parornix (Ornix) 

 geminatella, Pack., which would have no use for such a structure 

 owing to their habits. 



HoLLOWAY (T. E.) & LoFTiN (U. C). U.S. Bur. Entom.^ Insects 

 attacking Sugar Cane in the United j States. — //. Econ. Entom., 

 Concord, N. H., xii, no. 6, December 1919, pp. 448-450. 



This list of sugar-cane pests in the United States includes : Diatraea 

 saccJiaralis crairthidoides, Grote, parasitised by Trichogramma minutum, 

 Riley, Ufens niger, Ashmead, and Euzenilliopsis diatraeae. Towns. ; 



