108 



began about the 20tli April in the super icial layer of the flour. The 

 eggs are laid in batches of from 18 to 27 at intervals of from 7 to 14 

 days, and hatch in from 7 to 24 days. The larvae moult after about 

 27 to 31 days, the subsequent 3 moults occurring at intervals of from 

 9 to 10, 10 to 14, and 20 to 23 days respectively. About 22 to 27 

 days after the fourth moult the last skin is shed and the larva is ready 

 to pupate, the prepupal stage lasting about 10 days under normal 

 temperature, which is about 68° F. The pupal stage lasts from 8 to 30 

 days and the females commence oviposition about 5 to 7 days after 

 emergence in the spring and summer whereas later individuals hibernate 

 and begin laying the following spring. The exact length of adult 

 life has not been determined, but individuals emerging in the autumn 

 are thought to live from 9 to 10 months. There is only one generation 

 a year, but owing to the prolonged period of oviposition extending from 

 April to September all stages may be found simultaneously. The 

 larvae emerging in the autumn hibernate in this stage. 



Stored products should be kept at a low temperature, as apparently 

 these larvae cannot withstand cold. All remedial measures in use 

 against other pests of stored grain may be equally applied to 

 T. mauritanicus. 



ZviEREzoMB-ZuBovsKY (E.). Ktj Bonpocy MeTOflMKt AHannaa 

 3epHa Ha SapaweHie ero BpeflMiejiflMM. [On the Method of 



Analysing Grain for Insect-infestation.] — Circular of Don Bureau 

 for Control of Pests of Agricultural Plants, Novotcherkassk, 

 8 pp. [Received 1st January 1920.] 



The bulk of the information contained in this paper has been pre- 

 viously noticed [R.A.E., A, v, 299, 455]. 



ZVIEREZOMB-ZUBOVSKY (E). MCTOpHHeCKift OMepKlj B03HMKH0BeHifl 



AoHCKoro Elopo no 5opb6t Cb BpeAMTe/ifiMn Ce/ibCKo- 

 xosflMCTBeHHbix-b PacTeHiM, ero SaAanii, HywAbi m CoepeMeHHoe 



CoCTOflHie. [Historical Outline of the Inauguration of the Don 

 Bureau for the Control of Pests of Agricultural Plants, its Problems, 

 Requirements and Present Condition.] — Olfl. OtTMCKT* M3"b 

 HlypHana K)ro Boctohhum Xosamhii, Poctobtj Ha AohY- [Separate 

 from the Jo oyuil of South- Eastern Husbandry], Rostojf, no. 1-4, 

 1918, 15 pp. [Received 1st January 1920.] 



The contents of this paper are indicated by the title. 



Ballou (H. a.). The Toad in the West Indies.— ^^nc. News, 

 Barbados, xviii, no. 459, 29th November 1919, pp. 378-379. 



It is suggested that it w^ould be advantageous to increase the number 

 of toads in the West Indies, as they are well known insect-feeders. 

 The common species are Bufo marinus and B. agua. It is supposed 

 that their numbers have decreased omng to the gradual drainage of 

 ponds, planting of pasture-land and the clearing of ravines and gullies. 

 To restore their numbers individuals could be brought from some 

 part of the islands where they are more abundant, or egg-masses 

 might be imported from the United States or Mexico. 



