128 



Blackman (M. W.) & Ellis (W. 0.). Some Insect Enemies of Shade 

 Trees and Ornamental Shrubs.— Bull N.Y. State Coll. Forestry, 

 Syracuse, N.Y., xvi, no. 26, [n.d.], 123 pp., 2 plates, 56 figs. 

 [Received 15th January 1920.] 



This bulletin has been compiled for the benefit of the residents of 

 New York State with the object of assisting them in the preservation 

 of their shade-trees and ornamental shrubs. The more common 

 insects are briefly described in non-technical terms, their habits are 

 touched upon and the more usual methods for their suppression are 

 outHned. A short account is given of the most successful sprays 

 and the apparatus suitable for their use. 



Gillette (C. P.). Tenth Annual Report of the State Entomologist 

 of Colorado for the Year 1918.— Office of State Entomologist, Fort 

 Collins, Circ. no. 27, August 1919, pp. 1-40, 13 figs. [Re- 

 ceived 15th January 1920.] 



This report includes those of various county horticultural inspec- 

 tions and records the following pests : Tortrix (Archips) argyrospila 

 (fruit-tree leaf-roUer) ; Gossypariu spuria (elm scale) ; Typhlocyba 

 comes on poplars ; and Epilachna corrupta on beans. The damage 

 caused by Aphids was not very great during the year under review ; 

 Black-leaf 40 combined with an arsenate spray is advocated as a 

 remedial measure for them. The codhng moth [Cydia jiomonella'] 

 was very abundant. 



During 1917, 850 acres of lucerne and 300 acres of cover crops and 

 pasture land were found to be infested with the alfalfa weevil, Hypera 

 variabilis, Hbst. {Phytonomus posticus, Gyll.). This area of infestation 

 had iacreased to 3,600 and 1,075 acres respectively in 1918, showing 

 a spread westward of about 3 miles and about 10 to 12 miles to the 

 east. The life-history work and field studies on the habits of the 

 pest are not yet complete. Under laboratory conditions the incuba- 

 tion period averages 14*69 days. The larval stage lasts 21 "86 days 

 during which time 3 moults, and occasionally a fourth, occur, and 

 pupation lasts about 15 "82 days. The adults feed on lucerne, but 

 the injury they cause is negligible as compared with the damage 

 done by the larvae. This is at its maximum from about the time 

 the blossom buds are forming to approximately 3 weeks after the second 

 crop has begun to grow. Oviposition commences soon after the 

 emergence of the adult and continues throughout the late summer 

 and autumn. During the winter the adults hide under trash in the 

 field, in crevices of the ground, along fences, under bands on fruit 

 trees, etc., but emerge and become active on warm days. Experi- 

 ments against this pest included cultivation, dust mulching, the 

 introduction of parasites, and spraying with lead arsenate, zinc arsenite 

 and hme-sulphur. 



Results show that spraying is a successful and economical method 

 of control, and the best time for it must vary with the season. 

 The sprayed hay, whether lead arsenate 4 lb. to the gallon or zinc 

 arsenite 2 lb. is used, is considered quite safe as food for stock. 

 Owing to the relative isolation of the weevil- infested territory in 

 Colorado restrictions have been placed on shipments of infested 



