1S3 



The Duke of Bedford & Pickering (S.). Science and Fruit Growing, 

 being an Account of the Results obtained at the Woburn Experi- 

 mental Fruit Farm since its Foundation in 1894. — London, Mac- 

 millan & Co., Ltd., 1919, 348 pp., '4 plates, 47 figs. Price 125. Gd. 

 net. 



Several chapters of this review of the work of the Woljurn Experi- 

 mental Fruit Farm are devoted to insects, the damage they do to 

 fruit-trees and crops, and the usual methods of controlling 

 them. The various spraying mixtures used in England are discussed, 

 particular attention being given to paraffin and paraffin emulsions, 

 alkaline washes, and the fungicidal and scorching action of copper. 



Insects dealt with in detail include the mussel scale {Lepidosaphes 

 vlmi), the currant gall-mite {Eriophyes ribis), woolly aphis {Eriosoma 

 {Schizoneura) lanigerum), apple-sucker {PsijJla niali), etc. Against 

 Aphids the safest and most suitable insecticide is a solution containing 

 075 per cent, nicotine. 



PoLAK (M. W.). Het Steriliseeren van Grond door Middel van Stoom. 



[Steam Sterilisation of Soil] — Meded. Landbouivhoogeschool, 

 Wageningen, xvii, no. 1-3, 1919, pp. 91-108, 1 plate. 



Non-chemical processes for sterilising soil and methods for working 

 out their costs are dealt with in this paper. 



Insectenschade op gescheurd Grasland in 1918. [Insect Injury in 

 1918 on Grassland placed under Cultivation.] — Meded. Phylopath. 

 Dienst, Wageningen, no. 7, December 1918, 8 pp. [Received 

 19th January 1920.] 



The chief pests of crops planted on land previously under grass 

 are Tipulid larvae and wireworms. Phorbia (Anthomyia) cilicrura 

 injured beans, but the damage was not more marked than on land 

 long under cultivation. 



Gautier (C). Sur la Faqon dont les Larves d'Apanleles glomemtuf? 

 sortent des Chenilles de Pieris brassicae.—C . R. Soc. Biol, Paris, 

 Ixxxii, no. 34, 27th December 1919, pp. 1369-1371. 



The method of emergence of the Braconid parasite, Apanteles 

 glomeratus, from Pieris brassicae is described. Observations show 

 that the parasitised larvae always die before pupation. 



Legendre (J.). Note sur un Diptere Parasite des Peches de Mada- 

 gascar.— C. 72. Soc. Biol., Paris, Ixxxiii, no. 1, 10th January 1920, 

 pp. 8-9. 



Ceratiiis capitala is reported to cause serious injury to peaches 

 in Madagascar, the damage amounting to about 80 per cent, of the 

 total crop in January and even more in February. Each fruit may 

 contain as many as six or seven larvae. Examples reared in the 



