170 



lermes sp., and Lepidopterous larvae such as Feltia jacuUfera, Guen., 

 F. subgothica, Haw., Lycophotia margaritosa {Peridroma saucia, Hb.), 

 Agrotis ypsilon, Rott., Agrotis (Noctua) c-nigrum, L., Heliothis 

 (Chloridea) obsoleta, ¥., Hyphantria textor, Harr., Cirjiihis (Leucania) 

 unipunda, Haw., Protoparce (PhlegetJiontius) sexta, Joh., Bombyx mori 

 L., and several other Noctuids. The larvae of F. jacuUfera were the 

 only ones that died of the disease in control dishes during the course 

 of the experiments. House-fly larvae were covered with the conidia 

 when removed from the cultures, but after burrowing in dung in 

 the rearing boxes for a few hours no conidia could be detected. The 

 fungus was not recovered from any of these inoculated insects, though 

 several, including larvae of M. domestica and H. textor, died from 

 unknown causes. It is evident from the experiments, however, 

 that under laboratory conditions a high percentage of mortality 

 may be reahsed, and that the death rate is not appreciably higher 

 when larvae are kept in contact with the fungus for a long time than 

 when they are subjected to infection for a minute or two. The 

 spray method, which gave a mortality of somewhat below 30 per cent, 

 for all the tests, proved of less value in artificial inoculation than 

 the direct contact method. The feeding method, in which a conidial 

 agar paste was smeared over clover leaves on which cutworms, chiefly 

 Xylomyges eridania, were fed, gave a mortahty as high as the direct 

 method. 



In the case of army worms inoculated by direct contact it was 

 found that the organism of disease, though unable to kill the larvae 

 and pupae, passed through the various metamorphic changes of the 

 host and finally caused the death of the adult after emergence. The 

 presence of the fungus in the winged adults indicates the possibility 

 of dissemination of the organism. The adults from which the fungus 

 was recovered were, however, in all cases imperfectly formed indivi- 

 duals, indicating that during metamorphosis certain of the imaginal 

 tissues were destroyed. 



It is definitely proved by these experiments that the organism is 

 readily transmitted to healthy insects, and in laboratory experiments 

 a mortahty of from 60 to 90 per cent, may be obtained without diffi- 

 culty. 



WiLLARD (H. F.). U.S. Bur. Entom. Work and Parasitism of the 

 Mediterranean Fruit Fly in Hawaii during 1918. — J I. Agric. 

 Research, Washington, D.C., xviii, no. 8, 15th January 1920, 

 pp. 441-446. 



This paper is a continuation of previous records [R.A.E., A, vi, 185, 

 etc.] and gives the extent of parasitism during 1918 by the introduced 

 parasites, Oyius himilis, Silv., Diachasma tryoni, Cam., D. fidlaivayi, 

 Silv., and Tetrastichus giffardianus, Silv., the amount of infestation 

 by C. capitata for the same period and, for purposes of comparison, 

 general summaries of parasitism and infestation during 1916 and 1917. 



The infestation in 1918 of a number of food-plants was as great as 

 durinw 1917, and in a few cases considerably greater. Generally 

 speaking, the increase has occurred among the preferred food-plants, 

 with the exception of the mango {Mangifera indica) and this is accounted 



