173 



stainer) and a flea-beetle, Nisotra imiformis. The food-plants of these 

 pests and the measures for their control are discussed (see preceding 

 paper). During the period in which no cotton is grown, a clearing 

 up and clean cultivation of the land should be practised so that there 

 will be no food-plants in which the insects can either shelter or feed. 

 All cotton seed for sowing should be sunned at the ginneries to kill 

 any pink bollwornis contained in the seed. Cotton seed required for 

 feeding purposes should either be treated in the same way or crushed 

 before being returned to the farm. 



From the time when cotton sowing is started, Abutilon spp. may 

 be grown as a trap-crop for E. insidana, but care must be taken that 

 it is not left too long. The seed-pods should be examined frequently, 

 ■jind when any are found to contain half-grown bollwornis the plant 

 should immediately be cut and burned all over the farm and uncultivated 

 land adjoining. 



King (H. H.). The Pink Bollworm, Pectinophom (Gelechia) gossy- 

 ■jnella, Saunders, at Tokar, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, during the 

 Season 1917-1918. - Wellcome Troj). Res. Lab., Khartoum, Entom. 

 Bull. 10, 9th September 1918, 3 pp. [Received 28th February 

 1920.] 



The status of Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) in Tokar, 

 Anglo-Fgyptian Sudan, where it was first discovered in 1914-1915, 

 .and the conditions peculiar to that locality, are discussed. After 

 its first appearance in the Sudan the pest spread rapidly and by 

 April 1917 infestation of the bolls had risen in some areas to 10 per 

 cent. Energetic control measures, on the lines s\ ggested in the 

 preceding papers, were undertaken, with the result that m the 1917-18 

 season the infestation was less than 0*05 per cent, and the damage 

 done was negligible. 



The Clothes Beetle {Anthrenns vorax). — Wellcome Trop. Res. Lab., 

 Khartoum, p:ntom. Circ. 6, 28th March 1918, 2 pp. [Received 

 28th February 1920.] 



The beetle, Ardhremis vorax, in its larval stage often causes consider- 

 able damage to clothes in the Sudan. The beetles will oviposit on 

 almost any substance of animal origin, such as woollen and silken 

 fabrics, feathers, horns, etc., but never on anytliing of vegetable 

 origin such as cotton and linen. The eggs are pearly white and, 

 although small, are easily visible on dark cloth. The larvae are 

 black and hairy and the pupa is encased in the old larval skin. The 

 duration of the life-cycle and the number of generations occurring 

 in the year depend upon the temperature ; probably six weeks is 

 about the average time recpurecl for development. 



In protecting clothes from damage it should be remembered that 

 the beetles frequently fly to clothes from flower gardens, that the 

 eggs are soft-shelled and easily broken, both larvae and pupae are 

 easily crushed, and none but the egg-stage can survive in an atmos- 

 phere heavily charged with naphthaline. Clothes that have been 

 exposed to possible infection should be brushed with a stiff brush 

 before being put away ; this will crush eggs, larvae or pupae and 

 dislodge the adults. Articles that cannot be treated in tliis way 



