174 



should be enclosed in an airtight receptacle with a quantity of 

 naphthaline and left for a fortnight or more. Uninfested articles 

 may be protected by enclosing them in a cotton or linen sheet. 



Allen (A. A.). Birds and Trees in Winter. -Amer. Forestry, Washing- 

 ton, B.C., xxvi, no. 313, January 1920, pp. 45-47, 7 figs. 



Attention is drawn to the importance of protection and shelter, 

 especially during the winter, for the insectivorous birds that are 

 so beneficial to fruit and forest trees in America. It is pointed out 

 that sprays against such pests as the codling moth [Cydia pomo7iella] 

 are only efficacious if applied on just the rigat spot at the right time, 

 and that during the entire life-cycle of the pest there are only a few 

 hours when the spray can be eft'ective and, since all the eggi do not 

 hatch at once, the chances of killing all larvae are slignt. Birds, 

 however, can act as the destroying agents during two periods, first 

 when the moths transform in the spring and warblers, vireos and other 

 migrating birds pass through the orchards, and again during the entire 

 winter when nuthatches, woodpeckers and creepers are hunting over 

 the bark for insects. Young tent caterpillars [Malacosoma] are 

 similarly attacked by warblers, vireos and wrens on their northward 

 migrations ; the half-grown caterpillars are seized in their nests by 

 orioles, while full-grown ones are eaten by cuckoos. Nuthatches, 

 chickadees and crows all devour the eggs in winter. The downy 

 woodpecker and the hairy woodpecker dig out boring insects from the 

 trunks of pines, elms, and other shade trees. It is suggested that 

 small refi ges and feeding-stations should be placed in every forest 

 reserve and a little suet should be attached to some of the trees to- 

 attract the winter birds. 



Urban (C). Beitrage zur Lebensgeschichte der Kafer. III. [Contri- 

 butions to the Life-history of the Coleoptera, III.] — Entom. 

 Blatter, Berlin, x, no. 9-12, 31st October 1914, pp. 225-231, 4 figs. 



' A number of Cruciferae have been recorded as food-plants of Baris 

 laticollis, Mrsh. The author has observed this weevil in the roots of 

 Erysimum hieraciifoliiim and E. cheiranthoides, the former being 

 preferred. According to Kaltenbach, Tychius picirostris, F., develops 

 in the flower-heads of Trifolium pratense. The author has found only 

 T. tomentosus, Hbst., there, but T. jjicirostris was found in Trifolium 

 hybridum. 



The food-plants of Apion hookeri, Krby., belong to the genera 

 Anthemis and Matricaria. From M. inodora, A. hookeri was bred 

 together with its parasites Bracon satanas, Wsm., Aphidius chry- 

 santhemi, Wsm., Encyrtus tnorio, Dim., as well as a large number of 

 the leaf -miner, Phytomyza affinis, Mg. 



Kleine (E,.). Chrysomela fastuosa, L., und ihre Nahrungspflanzen. 

 Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis ihrer Biologie. — [C. fastuosa 

 and its Food-plants ; a further Contribution to a Knowledge of its 

 Biology.] — Entom. Blatter, Berlin, x, no. 9-12, 31st October 1914, 

 pp. 241-249, 10 figs. ; xi, nos. 1-3 & 4-6, 6th February & 10th 

 May 1915, pp. 56-63 & 72-82, 6 figs. 



This is a series of notes deahng with the food-plants of Chrysomela 

 fastuosa, those of the genus Stachys being preferred. 



