184 



Owing to the great difficulty of rearing parasites it has been 

 impossible to determine any species, but it appears evident that 

 0. frit is freely parasitised by minute Hymenoptera, 



The attack of 0. frit upon wheat is very similar to that of the 

 Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor], and therefore it is thought that 

 the remedy for one trouble may dispose of the other. As early as 

 1777, a change in the methods of tillage was recommended for the 

 control of 0. frit and this is still the only practicable remedy. In 

 wheat sown at weekly intervals from 12th September to 17th October, 

 it was noticed that infestation was heaviest in the earliest sowing and 

 decreased regularly to the latest sowings, in which infestation was 

 nil. It therefore seems that the recommendation of late sowing to 

 escape the Hessian fly will equally apply to 0. frit, though with the 

 former the possibility of infestation entirely ceases at a certain date, 

 while with the latter the chances decrease regularly until the cold 

 weather. Wheat sown in late spring is more infested than that sown 

 early. Continuous cropping in wheat appears to make no difierence, 

 for the fly migrates freely for considerable distances. 



Turner (W. B.). U.S. Bur. Entoni. Lepidoptera at Light Traps. — 

 Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, D.C., xviii, no. 9, 2nd February. 

 1920, pp. 475-481, l' fig. 



Further observations have been made in Maryland with regard 

 to Lepidoptera at hght-traps, the species caught including many of 

 those previously taken and a number of others [R.A.E., A, vi, 487]. 

 The work was carried on in 1918 from 14th May to 13th September 

 and includes 28 observations. The trap used is described and figured. 

 The total number of moths taken was 3,152, including more than 60 

 species ; of these, 2,200, or 69*8 per cent, were males and 952 or 30*2 

 per cent, females. In the case of Agrotis (Noctua) c-nigrum and 

 Ewparthenos iiuhilis the sexes were in equal numbers, in three 

 others there was a preponderance of females. Of the 952 females, 

 77'3 per cent, were gravid, these constituting 23'35 per cent, of all 

 moths captured. Of the 11 genera of Arctiids, all the females of 

 9 genera were gravid ; among 8 genera of Noctuids 100 per cent, 

 of the females were gravid. 



Temperature and humidity seem to have but little influence on 

 night-flying moths, but strong winds, rain or fog materially restrict 

 their flight. A large percentage of the total number of gravid females 

 were captured during the early hours of the night (before 10 p.m.) ;. 

 this confirms the findings of another observer [^R.A.E., A, v, 211]. 



Of the species collected in Maryland, at least 20 are of economic 

 importance and several others are likely to prove serious pests if 

 circumstances favour them. 



Collins (C. W.) & Hood (C. E.). U.S. Bur. Entom. Life History 

 of Euhioynyia calosomae, a Tachinid Parasite of Calosoma Beetles. — 

 Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, D.C., xviii, no. 9, 2nd February 

 1920, pp. 483-497, 2 plates. 



During 1912, adults of the predaceous beetle, Calosoma sycophanta, 

 L., successfully introduced into Massachusetts in 1906, were collected 

 for breeding experiments. Many of these were killed by a Tachinid 



