190 



peach trees in this respect. On the latter the gas was also observed 

 to destroy the fungus gnat, Mycetobia sp., which feeds on the gum. 



QuAiNTANCE (A. L.). The San Jos6 Scale and its Control. -U.S. 



Dept. Agric, Washington, D.C., Farmers' Bull. 650, October 

 1919, 31 pp., 18 figs. [Keceived 3rd March 1920.] 



This is a revision of a bulletin on Aspidiotus perniciosus that has 

 been previously noticed [R.A.E., A, iii, 417]. It includes a hst of 

 food-plants compiled by W. E. Britton. The remedial measures 

 advocated include Scott's formulae for home-made lime-sulphur 

 concentrate [loc. cit., 418]. 



Brooks (F. E.). The Round-headed Apple-Tree Borer. — TJ.S. Dejyt. 

 Agric, Washingto7i, D.C., Farmers' Bull. 675, September 1919, 

 20 pp., 19 figs. [Received 3rd March 1920.] 



This bulletin on Saperda Candida, F., is a revision of a former one, 

 the contents of which have already been noticed [R.A.E., A, iii, 



586]. 



Beooks (F. E.). The Flat-headed Apple-Tree Borer. — U.S. Dept. 

 Agric., Washington, B.C., Farmers' Bull. 1065, October 1919, 

 12 pp., 13 figs. [Received 3rd March 1920.] 



The flat-headed apple-tree borer, Chrysobothris femorata, F., occurs 

 over almost all the United States and in Southern Canada. It injures 

 a great variety of fruit, shade, and forest trees. Damage is only done 

 by the larva, and only to trees that are weakened in some way, such as 

 by transplanting or injury. The larva cannot thrive in a perfectly 

 healthy tree, though it may continue for months in a half- starved 

 condition, and finally complete its development if the tree is weakened 

 in any way. The normal life-cycle takes a year. 



The natural enemies of this beetle are woodpeckers and other birds, 

 ants and some H}Tnenopterous parasites including : — Bracon chariis, 

 Riley, B. pectinatus, Say, Spathiiis pallidiis, Ashm., Labena apicalis, 

 Cr., L. grallator. Say, and Phasgonojjhora sulcata, Westw. 



The most important feature of control is a good condition of the 

 trees. Low-formed branches on the south side of trees, and boards 

 set in the ground to throw a shadow on the trunks of newly-planted 

 trees cause the beetles to lay their eggs elsewhere, in sunnier places. 

 Traps consisting of logs of any kind laid in the sun and covered with 

 a sticky material may be used. Injuries on a tree may be protected 

 with paint, and during the season of oviposition the whole trunk may 

 be covered with paper or other ^\Tapping. Dying or cut wood of any 

 kind should never be left in an orchard from one season to another, in 

 case beetles may emerge from it. 



The European Corn Borer {Pyrausta mibilalis). — Anier. Plant Pest 

 Committee, Boston, Mass., Bull. 1, 30th November 1918, 2 pp., 

 1 fig. [Received 8th March 1920.] 



This is an appeal to the public, emphasising the importance of the 

 actual and possible damage by Pyrausta nubilalis, including the 



