194 



broken soil, though as Psanimodes scrobicollis and P. similis live in 

 the larval state for two or three years, attacks may continue for 

 two years after breaking up the soil. The damage done is so severe 

 that it is frequently impossible to obtain a stand of plants on infested 

 ground. 



The only known remedial measures apply to the adult beetles, and 

 must be taken against these before they have laid their eggs. Trachy- 

 notus spp. should be destroyed by poisoned bait before May, while 

 Psammodes spp. can be easily seen and destroyed in early morning 

 and evening after the first wetting rains of the season. Details of 

 the hfe-history of these beetles are given [see also R.A.E., A, vi, 337]. 



Grasshoppers are frequently troublesome to new crops. The 

 burning of a broad belt of grass round land before planting is beneficial. 

 Crickets are usually dug out of their holes by hand. The following 

 poison-bait may be used — 3 lb. bran, green grass or lucerne, ^Ib. sugar 

 or treacle, and one dessert spoonful of sodium arsenite or Paris 

 green. 



The root gallworm (Heterodera radicicola) may become a very 

 serious pest, though it seems to prefer wetter soil than the tobacco 

 lands of Rhodesia. The heavy rainfall of the last two seasons has 

 favoured its increase. It is probably introduced in seed potatoes, 

 and low- lying land is most liable to infestation. No measures of 

 control are applicable once the pest is estabhshed in a crop, though 

 seed beds may be sterihsed by heavy firing. 



A general summary of measures for avoiding loss to tobacco crops 

 is given, regarding as a whole the various pests that have been dealt 

 with in detail. 



Okada (T.). Kansho Hakui-mushi ni tsuite. [On the Leaf Pest 

 of the Sweet Potato]. — Byochugai Zasslii [Journal of Plant 

 Protection], Tokyo, vii, no. 2, 5th February 1920, pp. 74—79, 

 1 plate. 



The sweet potato army worm Scotogramma trifolii, Rott. {Catephia 

 inquiefa, Wlli.) is as yet known only in southern Japan. It is a 

 serious pest and may defoHate the plants. It has three generations 

 a year, the winter being passed in the pupal stage. 



As regards remedial measures, though the use of trap-lanterns 

 and hand-picking are the methods commonly adopted, the author 

 recommends a contact poison such as kerosene emulsion with insect 

 powder ; this is very effective, especially in the case of the first and 

 second instars. 



KuRiSAKi (M.). On the Life-history of the Citrus leaf Miner, 

 Phyllocnistis sagligna, Zell., and the Relation between this Miner 

 and Citrus Canker, Pseudomonas citri, Hasse. — Koncku Sekai 

 [Insect World], Gifa, xxiv, no. 2, 15th February 1920, pp. 39-44. 



In this report the author only deals with the life-history of the 

 moth, of which there probably are seven generations a year. A 

 Hymenopterous parasite has been bred from both larva and pupa. 



