214 



active. This treatment was entirely effective ; the scale disappeared 

 and the plants, which were yellowish, recovered their green colour. 

 With this proportion of sea-water, and making the applications in 

 the evening, there is no danger of scorching even the tenderest 

 leaves. The same treatment apphed to Saissetia {Lecanium) oleae has 

 proved ineffective. 



PuiG Y Nattino (J.). Los Parasites vegetales y animales de las 

 Plantas cultivadas y espontaneas, observados en la Republica 

 Oriental del Uruguay. — Eepxb. Orient. Urvquay, 21i)iist. Indust., 

 Montevideo. Bol. 36, 1919. 94 pp.. 52 figs. [Received 26th March 

 1920.] 



A list is given of the fungus and insect pests observed in Uruguay on 

 both cultivated and wild plants ; these include Aphids, red spiders 

 {Tefranychus telarius), and many Coccids, among which are Aidacaspis 

 (Diaspis) pentagona, Ceroplastes sp., Aspidiotus sp. and Lepidosaphes 

 sp. The food-plants of each is given. The injury caused by these 

 pests is discussed and the usual remedies for their control are 

 advocated, formulae being given for the requisite insecticides. The 

 control of Aulacaspis pentagona by Prospaltella berlesei is described. 



Insects that attack vegetable or fruit crops, and for which special 

 instructions in control are given, include the bhster beetle, Epicauta 

 adspersa, on potatoes and tomatos, for which arsenical sprays should 

 be used in the morning after the dew has evaporated, as soon as the 

 insect appears, or even before this if it occurs regularly each year, 

 and the sawfly, Eriocampoides limacina {Tenthredo adumhrata), the 

 larvae of which attack cherries, pears and quinces, and for which in 

 addition to arsenical sprays, dusting with slaked lime, ashes or even 

 fine, dry earth is recommended. For Cydia [Carpocapsa) pomonella 

 on apples, pears, peaches and quinces, the correct times for spraying 

 are after the majority of the petals have fallen, and again one month 

 and two months later. The bagworm, Oeceticus platensis, can also 

 be checked by the use of arsenical sprays. Caterpillars of Papilio 

 thoantides, Burm., which attack oranges and lemons, should be crushed 

 by hand or sprayed with iron, lead or copper arsenate. The larva of 

 Diloboderus abderus (white grub) sometimes causes important injuries 

 both in pasture and cultivated land. The methods advocated by 

 Carriquiri for keeping down these beetles are quoted. He considers 

 that the most efficient method, under Uruguayan conditions, is to 

 plough up strips of land about 2 yards wide at distances -some 700 yards 

 apart, in rich, humid soil. If this is done in spring, these strips wiU 

 be chosen for oviposition in January and February. In March or 

 April the land is ploughed over and the eggs are turned under to a 

 depth of about 10 inches, where the conditions prevent their 

 incubation. The land may be used for sowing oats cr for a green, 

 crop in the winter. Lighted torches for use against the adults of 

 D. abderus are suggested on smaller estates. In gardens, orchards, 

 and other small but valuable areas, naphthahne should be used as 

 a repellent. Against the larvae, benzine or carbon-bisulphide should 

 be injected at a depth of about 1 foot, and spraying should be done with 

 ammonia solutions. These measures should be apphed during the 

 dormant season. 



