229 



equally efficacious mixture can be made with crude petroleum, but in 

 this case 7 or 8 parts of water at least must be used for safety. 

 Another successful mixture consists of 10 lb. powdered commercial 

 sulphur to 5 lb. qui( klime placed in a kerosene tin and heated, with 

 water gradually added until the tin is nearly full, and the whole 

 allowed to simmer for 40 minutes. This should be bottled, and 1|- parts 

 should be diluted with 20 parts water. This mixture has the 

 disadvantage of not always kilhng the pupae. 



The Bostrychid borer, Apate francisca, caused great devastation in 

 1918 in a large plantation of sour-sop [Anona muricata] the trunks 

 of which were full of galleries of the borers. Other food-plants include 

 the alhgator-pear [Persea gratissima], orange and custard apple 

 [Anona reticulata]. Although the infestation was so heavy the 

 adults were never found to fly. Ihe remedy advocated is to inject a 

 little carbon bisulphide with a fine syringe into the galleries and plu^ 

 the entrance immediately. The borers m the galleries are killed at 

 once in this way. 



The commonest and most injurious scale-insects in Cuba are 

 Pseiidococcus spp. on various fruits ; Lepidosaphes beckii on oranges, 

 hmes, lemons, etc. ; Saisseiia hemisphaenca, on several ornamental 

 plants and various fruit trees ; Chrysomphalus aonidum, frequently 

 found on ornamental palms and on the commoner fruit-trees; 

 Lecanium sp. (tortoise-shell scale), which is particularly injurious to 

 young orange trees and occurs on other fruits and on coftee ; 

 Selenaspidus articulaius, on oranges, mangos and many ornamental 

 plants ; Ceroplas'es floridensis, which is not abundant in Cuba, but 

 does some damage to citrus and mango trees; Ischnaspis longirostris, 

 which infests the leaves of mangos, palms, etc.; Howaidia liclavis, 

 on various fruit and ornamental trees, and scales of minor importance. 

 The usi_ al insecticidal treatments are recommended. Many of these 

 scales are attacked by fimgous diseases that serve to keep them in 

 check. Whiteflies, of which the commonest is Aleuro'.hrixus howardi, 

 attack oranges, aUigator-pears and other fruits, but are less destructive 

 than the black flies. 



Descriptions are given of various implements and apparatus for 

 applying insecticidal treatments. 



Raymundo (B.). Noticia sobre alguns Lepidopteros serigenos do 

 Brasil. [Some Silk-producing Lepidoptera of Brazil] — Annuario 

 Collegio Pedro II, iii (11)16-1918), Rio de Janeiro, 1919, pp. 25- 

 95, 27 figs. [Received 6th April 1920.] 



This paper does not confine itself to species of commercial 

 importance but includes moths that pass the pupal state in webs or 

 cocoons of any kmd. 



Mahdihassan (S.). The Cultivation of Lac from a Physiological 

 Standpoint.— Phatak & Co., Hyderabad, [n.d.], 26 pp. 



This paper was written for the first Provincial Forest Conference 

 held at Hyderabad, Deccan, on 10th September 1919. It sets out 

 the chain of conditions that should be maintained if the lac insect 

 {Tachardia lacca) is to be successfully and economically cultivated. 



