274 



Rem (L.). Hoiiioeoso)im nebulella, Hb., als Sonnenblumen-Schadling 

 in Rumanien. {Homoeosoma nebulella, Hb., as a pest of Sunflowers 

 iu Rumania.] — Zeitschr. f. angeiv. Entom., Berlin, v, no. 2. 1919, 

 pp. 267-277, 3 figs. [Receiv^ed 19th April 1920.J 



During the German occupation of Rumania the author was requested 

 to make special investigations on Homoeosoma nebhlella, a Lepidopterous 

 pest of sunflower seeds, and the possibility of its future control. For 

 political reasons however the methods suggested as a result of this 

 expedition could not be carried out. The eggs are laid in the sun- 

 flower heads when in bloom and the emerging larvae feed on the 

 blofssoms and soft seeds. In Rumania there are probably three 

 generations a year, liibernation occurring in the larval stage usually in 

 or on the ground and only in isolated cases on the plant. Pupation 

 does not occur in the hollowed-out seed. It probably lasts about 4 

 weeks. The remedial measures advocated include clean cultivation 

 ^ind especially the removal of all thistles, as these form the. breeding 

 place of the first generation. The emergence of the adult moths 

 might be prevented by deep ploughing in the spring prior to sowing. 

 The adults of the first generation appear at the end of April and 

 beginning of May in Wallachia ; the second generation from the end 

 of June to the beginning of Jiily ; and the third some time in August, 



Early sowing, so that the chief blossoming takes place before the 

 flight of the second generation, reduces the amount of infestation. 



As'sunflowets with a large oil content suft'er more from this pest than 

 other varieties, it is suggested that experiments should be carried out 

 with a view to producing an imnnme variety of sunflower by cross- 

 breeding and selection. 



Kijetne (R.). Welche Aaskafer-Imagines (Silphiden) verfressen die 

 Rubenblatter ? [Which 8ilphids attack Turnip leaves in the Adult 

 State 1] — Zeitschr. f. angeiv. Entom., Berlin, v, no. 2, 1919, pp. 

 278-285, 5 figs. [Received 19th April 1920.] 

 The author's observations with regard to Silphids damaging turnip 

 foliage confirm those of previous writers. In no case was Phosphuga 

 sp. induced to feed on these plants, wheieas Blitojjhaga opaca, L., and 

 B. nndata, MiilL, will attack the leaves both in the larval and adult 

 sto.ges. As the beetles only feed on leaves of more or less mature plants, 

 the crop itself is not much aft'ected. The chief damage is caused by 

 the larvae as the plants begin to develop. Baits consisting of carrion 

 proved ineffective. The remedial measures advocated are the pulling 

 up of destroyed plants after the maximum feeding is over and im- 

 proving the vigour of the crop by manuring, etc. ; the thimiing out of 

 diseased plants before the end of the feeding period of the larvae will 

 only induce them to attack the remaining plants in greater numbers 

 and thus reduce the ultimate crop. 



BuRKHARDT (F.), ZuF Verbrcltung und Lebensweise von Otio- 

 rrhynchus rotundatus, Siebold, [The Distribution and Life- habits 

 of Otiorrhynchus rotundatus. fiiebold.]— Zeitschr. f. angeiv. Entom , 

 Berlin,, v,"no. 2, 1919, pp. 295-300, 4 figs. [Received 19th April 

 1920.] 

 OtiorrhyncJius rotundatus, Sieb., is recorded as being found at 



Bromberg and Kiistrin, as well as Dantzig {R.A.E., k, viii, 271]. 



