288 



von Wahl (C). Die Gespinstmotten. [Hyponomeula malinellus and 

 H. variabilis.] — Hauptstelle fur Pflanzenschntz in Baden an dcr 

 Grossh. landiv. VersucJisanstalt Aiigustenberg, Flugblatt no. 5, 

 April 1916. (Abstract in Zeitschr. landw. V ersuchswesen in 

 Deutschosterreich, Vienna, xxii, no. 9-10, September- October 1919,^ 

 p. 235.) 



In the Grand Duchy of Baden Hi/ponom,euta mali^ieUus infests the 

 apple and H. variabilis the prune, plum and sloe. The flight period 

 lasts from mid-June to the end of July. The eggs, numbering from 

 15 to 80, are laid on the buds of the shoots and are covered with a 

 shme that hardens. Four weeks later the larvae hatch and they 

 hibernate beneath the shield. In the spring they begin to feed and 

 then spin their webs. Natural enemies include a Dipteron, Meigenia 

 bisignata, Meig., and the Hymenoptera, Angitia chrysosticta, Gmel.^t^ 

 Pimpla alternata, Grav., and Agrypon variilarsum, Wesm. Eemedial 

 measures are spraying with soft-soap solutions containing nicotine 

 or quassia. The spray must be applied at high pressure on dry da3'S 

 as soon as the caterpillars begin sj)inning their nests. The latter may 

 be collected and burned. 



Zacher (F.). Zur Biologie der Vorratssckadlinge. [The Biology 

 of Pests of stored Products.] — Mitt. Biol. Anstalt f. Land- v. 

 Forstwirtschaft, 1919, no. 17. (Abstract in Zeitschr. landw. 

 V ersuchswesen in Deutschosterreich, Vienna, xxii, no. 9-10, Sep- 

 tember-October 1919, p. 236.) 

 Ephestia kiihniella lays 200 eggs on an average ; the egg-stage lasts 

 about 7 days. Calandra granaria requires 7-12 weeks for development ; 

 the life of the adult may extend to 5 months. Gnathocerus cornufns 

 hves over 10 months in the adult stage, after a developmental period 

 of 4 months. The larvae of Artthrenus verbasci have been found in 

 rye meal. 



Primary pests of rotting potatoes include Tylenchus devastatrix, 

 Rhizoglyphus echinopus, Eumerus strigatus, Sciara sp., Beichertella sp., 

 Phorbia {Chortophila) trichodactyla , P. [Hylemyia) brassicae, Phaonia 

 trimaculata and Drosophila funebris. Both house and stable flies have 

 also been reared from rotting potatoes. 



Zacher (F.). Beobachtungen uber einige schadliche und nutzliche 

 Insekten. [Observations on some injurious and useful Insects.] — 

 Mitt. Biol. Anstalt f. Land- u. Forstwirtschaft, 1919, no. 17. (Abs- 

 tract in Zeitschr. landw. Versuchsivesen in Deutschosterreich, 

 Vienna, xxii, no. 9-10, September-October 1919, p. 236.) 



Particulars are given regarding the infestation of barley by a Trypetid 

 fly, Zonosema alternata, and a Chloropid, Lasiosina cinctipes ; of 

 bean seedhngs by maggots of Chortophila sp. ; of potatoes by Phorbia 

 (Chortophila) trichodactyla and Eumerus strigatus ; of cauliflower by 

 Phytomyza flavicornis ; and of Atriplex by Phthorimaea (Gelechia) 

 atriplicella, Aphis rumicis (euonymi) and Lygus pratensis. 



Other insects dealt with are the oak mining moth, Tischeria coni- 

 planella ; Eulecanium [Lecanium) corni, which is preyed upon by a 



