303 



Herrick (G. W.). The Winter of 1918 19 and the Activities of Insects 

 with special reference to the Clover Leaf- Weevil {Hi/pera pnnffaid, 

 Fah.) — Ann. Entoin. Soc. America, Coluiubiis-. Oliio. xiii. no. 1, pp. 

 ' 101-107. 



Many inr^ect pests were abundant during the sumuier of 1918 in New 

 York State, including Melanoplus femnr-rahrum, a blister beetle, 

 Pomphopoea sayi, a bug, Cosmopepla camifex, the wheat midge, 

 Contarinia tntici, the green clover worm, Plathypena scahra, Levia 

 tfilineata and Empoasca nxili on potatoes, Eriocampoides limacina on 

 cherry trees, the lined corn borer, Hadena fractilinea, and Hypcra 

 punctata. 



The fact that the weather was below normal in precipitation, while 

 the temperature w^as above normal, may be responsible for the early 

 increase of insects during the year. Hypera punctata occurred in great 

 abundance, but was successfully kept in check by the fungus, Empusa 

 sphaerospernia. Observations and breeding experiments show that 

 this wee\-il mav survive favourable winters in the adult stage and 

 become active enough in the spring to oviposit, thus giving rise to a 

 second generation. 



Smyth (E. G.). Cotton Insects in Porto Rico. — Entom.News, Lancaster, 

 Pa., xxxi. no. 5. May 1920, pp. 121-125. 



Although HeJiothis (CJdoridea) obsoleta, F., infests maize in Porto 

 Rico, it has not yet been found to attack cotton. 



The cotton pests so far noticed include Alabama argillacea, Hb., 

 which is controlled by the destruction of the alternative food-plants, 

 Urena lobata and Mcdachra roiundifolia , on which it also hibernates. 

 The stainer. Dysdercus andreae, L.. is most frequently found in the 

 drier northwest and south coast regions, but cannot be considered a 

 serious pest of the cotton crops. The isolated attacks of Xylomyges 

 sunia, Gn., on cotton are considered accidental. Heliotlirips 

 kaemorrhoidalis, Burm.. caused severe injury to the outside of cotton 

 bolls and seems immediately concerned in the attacks of a disease 

 that somewhat discolours the bolls and prevents them from bursting 

 properly by cementing them to the calyx. This is apparentlv the 

 first record of this pest attacking cotton. About 30 per cent, of the 

 cotton bolls were infested wdth Pseudococcus virgatus, Ckll., which 

 also attacked lima beans and pepper during the summer. This mealy 

 bug was heavily parasitised by a Cecidomviid, probably Karschomyia 

 cocci. Felt. Other pests found on cotton during the year include : 

 Pseudococcus citri, Risso : P. longispinus, Targ. ; an undetermined 

 scale closely allied to Coccus mangiferae, Green ; Corythuca gossypii, 

 F. ; and Aphis gossypii, Glov. The enemies of the latter include 

 Cyclo^eda sanguinea, L., Scymnus roseicolUs, Muls., Hyperaspis sp., 

 a Brab^nid, a Chalcidid, a Chrysopid, and the fungus, Agrostalagmus 

 albus. C. sanguinea is itself parasitised by an Encyrtid, Homalotylus 



^P- . . . 



hiabrotica graminea, Baly, Empoasca sp., a Membracid, Antianthe 



expansa, Germ., and Nezara viridula, L., have also been found on 



cotton in Porto Rico. 



