301 



Shot-hole Borer Investigations. — Tro}). Agriculturist, Peradeniya, 

 liv, no. 4, April 1920, p. 226. 



In the course of a meeting of the Committee of Agricultural Experi- 

 ments held at Peradeniya in March, 1920, it was reported that the 

 paint recommended for the destruction of Xijleborus fornieafus (shot- 

 hole borer of tea) [R.A.E., A. viii, p. 110] has proved considerably 

 more expensive than was anticipated, and that, while it generally 

 destroyed the adult beetles, the young and eggs in the galleries were 

 more or less unaffected. It is hoped, however, that the cost of applica- 

 tion may be reduced under careful supervision and that further 

 experiments with the paint will be made. 



IsELY (D.) & AcKERMAx (A. J.). Some Features of the Codling Moth 

 Problem in the Ozarks. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N. H., xiii, 

 no. 2, April 1920, pp. 159-166. 



Loss to the apple crop in the Ozarks due to codUng moth [Cydia 

 poiuonella] has quite recently become very serious, and experiments 

 in its control in 1918 and 1919 are described. The climatic conditions 

 of the Ozarks and the parts of Southern Illinois and Kansas that 

 resemble them give rise to a more severe infestation than is the rule 

 in most fruit regions. There are numerous broods, and the 

 second and following ones occurring in the heat of summer overlap so 

 nuich as to be, for practical purposes, one brood. At the same time, 

 also for chmatic reasons, there is considerable variation in the date 

 of hatching of the larvae of the first brood. Consequently all spray 

 applications, with the exception of the calyx spray, are based on the 

 dates of hatching of the first and second broods. It may be anything 

 between three to six weeks after the faUing of the petals before the 

 larvae of the first brood begin hatching in appreciable numbers. With 

 such a variation, no fixed date for the application of the first spray 

 following the calyx application can be given, the time must be deter- 

 mined by life-history studies each season of the hatching of the larvae, 

 the time of emergence of the earliest moths not being a rehable index. 

 An additional first-brood spray is apphed at a fixed interval (usually 

 two weeks) following the first appUcation to give continuous protection. 

 The earliest second brood larvae hatch about eight or ten days after 

 the emergence of the earliest first brood moths. Apphcations of 

 sprays for the second and following broods are spaced at intervals 

 (usually of about three weeks) to give protection until near harvest. 

 In the experiments in 1918 this series of spraying was stopped on 

 5th August, and was effective till the end of August. The long spell 

 of hot weather, however, produced a late brood, which after that 

 date caused two-thirds of the damage sustained in sprayed orchards. 

 In the cooler summer of 1919 there was no fourth brood, and the last 

 spray on 12th August was sufficient protection. 



The experiments showed that spraying machinery which produces a 

 very fine mist is much more efficient than a coarse spray, and with 

 the former, using the system described, Cydia pomonella can be 

 •efficientlv controlled in the Ozarks. 



