312 



At Rrst the larva was supposed to be that of the corn web-worm 

 {Gramhus caliginosellus, Clem.), but four adults that emerged were 

 identified as C. praefecfellus, Zinck., a species that has not hitherto been 

 recorded as injuring maize, though it has sometimes been observed 

 on maize and wheat in other States, causing no damage of any import- 

 ance. The larva and adult are described. 



Parrott (P. J.) & Olmstead (R. D.). The Work of Emjwasca maU 

 on Potato Foliage. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xiii, no. 2, 

 April 1920, pp. 224-226. 



The results are given of a series of experiments to determine the 

 effects of attacks of Empoasca mail, Le B., on potato foliage. Feeding 

 by the insects produced small brownish or burned areas at the tips 

 and margins of the leaves. These areas spread inwards, the tissues 

 dried, and the margins rolled up, leaving a narrow strip of green 

 tissue in the centre of the leaflet. In cases of severe injury the drying 

 extended to the petioles, so that any slight disturbance produced 

 defoliation. 



In the field, to compare the repellent effects of ordinary sprays 

 with those of heavier consistency, the following preparations were 

 apphed : — Bordeaux mixture (10-10-100) ; Bordeaux mixture (10- 

 10-100) with six pounds of lead arsenate paste ; china clay, 60 pounds 

 to 100 U. S. gals, of water to which were added 10 pounds of soap ; 

 and Bordeaux mixture (8-8-100) with 60 pounds of lump lime. Three 

 sprayings were applied in July owing to heavy rains, and a fourth 

 on 25th Au.gust ; later developments indicated that two sprayings 

 in August would have been better. The control plants showed injury 

 in August, and declined rapidly in September, the injury being 

 indistinguishable from the disease known as tipburn. The sprayed 

 plants presented hardly any traces of injury. 



The heavy washes, composed of china clay or lime, were a little 

 more effective in repelling the insects ; they caused very little trouble 

 in clogging the nozzles in spite of their consistency, and produced a 

 thick coating on the foliage. On the other hand the china clay was 

 more easily washed off by rain than any of the other mixtures, and 

 the heavy limewash was unsatisfactory as, after the first three 

 applications, it injured the foliage. Although not quite so effective, 

 the two lighter Bordeaux mixtures, if thoroughly sprayed, prevent 

 serious damage, by leaf-hoppers. They withstand rain bettter than 

 china clay or lime, the combination with lead proving somewhat 

 superior to the Bordeaux mixture alone. 



In the discussion that followed, the senior author said that the 

 injury caused by the leaf-hopper was not merely due to the extraction 

 of the juices of the plant, but also to something in the salivary 

 secretions of the insect that is toxic to plant tissues. 



Weigel (C. A.) & Chambers (E. L.). The Strawberry Root-Worm 

 injuring Roses in Greenhouses. — Jl. Econ. Entom.. Concord, 

 N.H.. xiii. no. 2, April 1920, pp. 226-232. 



Infestations are described of roses in greenhouses by a Chrysomelid 

 beetle, Typophorus (Paria) cancllas, F. (strawberry root worm), which 

 usually infests strawberries. It occurred in Virginia and Indiana. 



