335 



are declared to be infested ; these may be extended or reduced as 

 found necessary. A list is given of various plants and flowers that may 

 harbour this pest, and inspection and certification by the Department 

 of Agriculture is made a condition of their movement, while the con- 

 veyance used must not move from the areas without thorough cleaning. 

 Permits may be issued to allow re-export of plants that have been 

 imported into the areas. In all cases the expenses of inspection, other 

 than the services of the inspector, are paid by the shipper. But a 

 general, revocable permit to allow shipment of quarantined articles 

 may be issued in cases where districts or individual premises are free 

 from corn borer and where freedom from weeds and other vegetable 

 growths is maintained. 



Suggestions for methods of control of P. nuhilalis include : — Cutting 

 maize close to the ground to reduce the number of borers left in the 

 stubble ; deep ploughing, preferably in the autumn ; putting maize 

 fodder in silo, or shredding and salting the stalks to promote their 

 consumption by cattle ; keeping maize fields and adjacent areas free 

 from weeds ; and planting small early plots of maize as a trap, the crop 

 being fed to cattle if badly infested. Where other treatment is im- 

 possible the stalks should be composted or burned. Partly consumed 

 stalks should not be mixed with manure unless the latter is composted 

 or made to heat. Garden crops liable to be infested and commonly 

 transported by commercial agencies should not be grown nearer than 

 fifty feet to infested maize. Prompt reporting of any infestation is 

 very desirable. 



TosLER (E. J.). Insect Enemies. — Science and Industry, Melbourne, 

 ii, no. 3, March 1920, pp 184-189. 



The greater part of this paper deals with an attempt to introduce 

 parasites of EuteUix tenella (beet leaf-hopper) from Austraha into the 

 United States. The importance of this pest and its hfe-history and 

 association with the curly-leaf disease of beets have already been 

 noticed [R.A.E., A, vi, p. 480, etc.]. The work was carried on in 1917 

 and 1918, attention being chiefly directed to two egg-parasites — 

 Ptergogramma acuminata and a Mymarid infesting a leaf -hopper that 

 has the same food-plant as E. tenella. 



The difficulty of keeping any indi\4duals of two such deUcate species 

 aUve over the journey from Austraha to America was very great, but 

 after a number of failures it was overcome, and the two species were 

 reared in sufficient numbers to give them a fair trial, but there was no 

 e\'idence of parasitism and it must be considered that they do not find 

 E. tenella a suitable host. 



At the same time some of the insects injurious to citrus culture 

 were investigated. The black scale {Saissetia oleae) is not a pest of 

 prime importance in Austraha, being attacked by the predaceous moth 

 Evhlemma {Thalpochares) cocciphaga, the internal parasites Coccophagus 

 sp. and Aphycus lounsburyi, the egg-parasite ScutelUsta cyanea, and 

 various Coccinelhds. The first three of these have been sent to Cali- 

 fornia and are now being reared to produce sufficient numbers to permit 

 of their introduction into the orchards. E. cocciphaga in particular 

 is the most promising of any of the material brought from Austialia. 



