338 



England, France and Holland ; Nygmia phaeorrhoea Don. (Euproctis 

 chrysorrJwea, L.) on fruit-trees from France ; Forficula auricularia, L., 

 and Lathrobivm. brumiifes, F., on trees from Holland ; Malacosoma 

 neustria, L., on shrubs, and Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, F., on Taxus from 

 Holland ; Triaena plebeja, Gyll., on trees, and oyster-shell scale 

 [Lefidosapkes ulmi] on boxwood from Holland. 



On imported bulbs, which were inspected for the first time during 

 the year under review, the pests intercepted from Holland included 

 Cathartus advena, Wal., Merodon equestris, F., Pyralis farinalis, L., in 

 buckwheat chaff, Rhizoglyphus ecJiinopus, F. & R. (from Holland, 

 France, Japan, etc.), Sitodrejm panicea, L., Tenebrio molitor, L., in chaff 

 packing, and T yphoea fumata, L. 



Apiaries were inspected as in previous years [R.A.E., A, vii, 339, etc.]. 

 During 1919 an Act was passed requiring all beekeepers to register, in 

 order to facihtate inspection. European foulbrood continues to 

 decrease, but American foulbrood is increasing and will receive special 

 attention. 



White pines {Piniis strobus) were severely damaged by Pissodes 

 Mrobi, Peck (white pine weevil), the leaders and higher shoots of young 

 trees being chiefly attacked and becoming crooked and deformed. 

 Only wood of the previous season's growth is normally attacked. 

 P. affinis and P. approximatus also occur in Connecticut, but P. strobi 

 is the only really injurious species and it also attacks Pinus sylvestris 

 (Scots pine), P. divaricala (jack pine), P. rigida (pitch pine), Picea 

 excelsa (Norway spruce) and P. rubens (red spruce). Weevil-infested 

 trees prove more susceptible to attacks of Pinipestis zimmermani, 

 Grote (pine-tip moth). The hfe-history of P. strobi in Connecticut is 

 very similar to that described for Canada [R.A.E., A, vi, 62]. Natural 

 enemies occurring in Connecticut include an Ichneumonid, . Coe/oic^es' 

 pissodis, Ashm., and a closely allied species, Habrobraconidea bicoloripes, 

 Vier., Microbracon nanus, Prov., Eurytoma jnssodis, Gir., Rliopaliciis 

 susjjensus, Ratz., and Spathius brachyrus, Ashm. Methods of control 

 for P. strobi include the removal and destruction of infested leaders and 

 the prevention of infestation by spraying. Commercial hme-sulphur 

 (1 part in 8 parts water) proved to be one of the best repellants, and 

 should be apphed about 1st May when only the old leaves are present ; 

 no injury to foliage occurs in this way. Experiments with creosote 

 and carbohneum are also described [R.A.E., A, v, 111], but some 

 injury to the trees resulted from their use. Jarring the trees and 

 collecting the wecNdls is a useful accessory measure. 



Chermes pinicorticis, Fitch (pine bark aphis) appears as white 

 cottony tufts at the base of the needles on the twigs, and as white 

 fiocculent patches on the bark of trunks and branches. It is generally 

 found on the shaded side of the bark and does not thrive well in a 

 strong hght. Though chiefly a pest of white pine, it is also recorded 

 as damaging Scots pine in Canada. The Hfe-history is not fully known, 

 but the eggs begin to hatch about 1st May, and the young larvae suck 

 the sap from the twigs. Winged females appear about mid-May but 

 disappear about two weeks later. There are probably several 

 generations during the summer, and the winter is probably passed by 

 \vingless females on the bark. It is not known whether there is any 

 alternate food-plant. Natural enemies of this Aphid include the 

 "Coccinelhds, Anatis quindecimpundata, 01., Adalia bipunctata, L., and 



