348 



is an apparently undescribed species of the Chalcidoid genus Pleuro- 

 tropis. THs parasite emerges from the prepupal larva of T. tabidus 

 at about the time of emergence of the host adults, and is beUeved to be 

 a primary parasite. 



In the present state of loiowledge of this species only suggestions 

 of possible means of control can be given. Neither egg nor larval stage 

 can be attacked, as both occur in the growing grain. Disking the 

 stubble thoroughly as soon as possible after cutting the grain might 

 destroy the larvae by exposing them, but they are very hardy and only 

 experiment will prove the efficacy of this method. Deep ploughing 

 of the stubble is recommended in Russia and should prove effective 

 in America, but it must be remembered that adults can escape if only 

 covered with two or three inches of soil. The ploughing should be 

 done any time between the cutting of the grain and the following 

 spring prior to emergence of the adults in April or May. As the insect 

 apparently confines its attacks to the small-grain crops in America, 

 wheat, barley or rye should be followed by some crop that will not 

 serve as a food-plant, such as maize or vegetables. Any system of 

 crop rotation should be preceded by thorough ploughing of the wheat 

 stubble. 



Faes (H.). La Lutte centre le Ver de !a Vigne (Cochylis) en 1919. — 

 La Terre Vaudoise. Lausanne, xii, no. 24, 12th June 1920, pp. 230- 

 231. 



While nicotine or concentrated tobacco juice with the addition of 

 some copper solution is the insecticide most frequently used for the 

 control of Clysia amhiguella in the vineyards of Vaud, Switzerland, a 

 pyrethrum-soap solution has also given excellent results against the 

 young larvae of the first generation. Although the local cultivation of 

 pyrethrum is greatly increasing, the quantity of flowers produced is 

 still far short of the demand. 



Gray (E,. A. H.) & Wheldon (R. W.). Field Trials for the Prevention 

 ol Damage to Crops by Wireworms and Leather Jackets. — Reprint 

 from Newcastle Farmers' Ckib JL, 1919, 10 pp. [Received 

 16th June 1920.] 



As wireworms and the larvae of Tipuhds (leather- jackets) were 

 responsible for much damage on grassland newly ploughed in 1917, and 

 as further land was to be ploughed for 1918, it was thought desirable 

 to carry out trials combining the application of various substances, 

 cultural methods and the suitability of different varieties and lands 

 of crops, with a view to controlling these pests. These experiments, 

 carried out in various localities, are described in detail, the infestations 

 being so bad in some cases that the crops were entirely destroyed. 

 The damage is greatest before the end of May or beginning of June, 

 when the insects pupate. It w^as found that when oats were sown 

 under good conditions on well cultivated land, they grew quickly 

 enough to withstand the attack of wireworms until the danger was 

 passed, while where land had been badly ploughed and the furrows had 

 not been broken up the damage done was severe. Land hable to 

 infestation should be ploughed early so that a good tilth and seed-bed 

 may be obtained for the oats, which should not be sown too early. 



