357 



shaped like a horse-shoe, with the horns upwards ; between these there 

 ;ire horizontal cross-furrows. The bore-hole is on the lower edge, 

 and an egg is laid in it. Thin twigs of the previous year's growth 

 are chosen, and the eggs are often less than an inch apart. The 

 female appears to oviposit on the same tree from which she emerged, 

 unless lack of space compels her to migrate to another. If the bark 

 is removed after the egg has been laid, only the bore-hole is visible 

 with the egg attached to the inner siu'face of the bark. On hatching, 

 the larva begins to feed on the swellings surrounding the point of 

 attachment of the egg. It then makes a horizontal, peripheral mine, 

 and then one traversing the centre of the twig. Hibernation usually 

 takes place there. There are two annual generations, and about 

 10 per cent, of the eggs yield adult beetles. This is due to natural 

 checks, including an excess or a lack of swelling in the twigs. Willows 

 also are infested. 



The most important Dipterous parasite is Sarcophaga albiceps, Meig., 

 though it not clear how the host larvae become infested ; possibly 

 the parent fly deposits a larva near the entrance of the tunnel. A list, 

 supplied by Dr. Euscka of Vienna, is given of 20 primary and 3 

 secondary Hymenopterous parasites of this beetle. 



Remedial measures consist in cutting off infested twigs or even the 

 entire plant near the ground, collection of the beetles at the time of 

 oviposition (May-June), and the destruction of the eggs beneath the 

 bark by pressing the latter; and oviposition on some of the more 

 valuable plants may, it is suggested, be prevented by protecting them 

 with an adhesive. 



Schumacher (F.). Die Insekten der Mistel und verwandter Loran- 

 thaceen. [Insects of the Mistletoe and aUied Loranthaceae.] — 

 Naturwiss. Zeitschr.f. Forst- u. Landwirtsch., Stuttgart, xvi, no. 3-8. 

 March-August 1918, pp. 195-238. [Received 10th June 1920.] 



The existing literature on insects of the mistletoe is reviewed. The 

 present paper deals with 8 Coleoptera, 1 Lepidopteron, 11 Rhynchota 

 and 1 Psocid. No Diptera or Hymenoptera have been found. The 

 Rhynchota include a large proportion of Coccidae. Of the 21 species 

 only 6 are peculiar to the mistletoe, these being : — Coleoptera : Apion 

 variegatum, Wenck., and Liparthrum hartschti, Miihl. ; and Rhynchota : 

 Lygus viscicola, Put., Hypseloecus visci, Put., Anthocoris visci, Dgl., 

 and Psylla visci, Curt. 



The scale, Diaspis visci, Schr., was formerly believed to be pecuHar 

 to mistletoe, but it is now considered to be identical with D. juniperi, 

 Bch., found on conifers. 



Seeger ( — ). Ein Massenauftreten von Lophyrus rufus. [An Out- 

 break of L. rufus.'] — Naturwiss. Zeitschr.f. Forst- u. Landwirtsch., 

 Stuttgart, xviii, no. 1-2, January-February 1920, pp. 41-42. 



In June 1919 an outbreak of Lophyrus rufus occurred near Heidel- 

 berg. An area of about 87 acres was affected, the trees most attacked 

 being Pinus banksiana and the common pine ; Weymouth pine 

 suffered less. The damage did not appear to be serious. 



