366 



logs at first, but all were killed during turning, and no subsequent 

 attack resulted. Similar results in controlling and in preventing 

 infestation were achieved with ash, pine, oak and hickory against 

 ambrosia beetles and Neoclytus erythrocephalus, with pine against 

 various Scolytids and Monochamus (Monohammus) titillator, and with 

 hickory against Cyllene pictus. 



It was found that on some occasions the inner bark on logs exposed 

 to direct sunhght may reach a temperature higher than the surrounding 

 air by as much as 60°. 



Raymundo (B.), a Lagarta amarella das Cucurbitaceas (Aboboras, 

 Pepinos, Melancias, etc.) GlypJiodes nitidalis, Stoll. \G. nitidaUs, 

 the Yellow Caterpillar of Cucm*bitaceae (Pumpkins, Cucumbers, 

 Water-melons, etc.).] — Chacaras e Quintaes, S. Paulo, xxi, no. 5, 

 15th May 1920, pp. 371-372, 3 figs. 



The Pyralid, Diaphania (Glyphodes) nitidalis, Stoll, is a common pest 

 of Cucurbitaceae in Brazil. It is found in most parts of South America 

 and in North America. At Rio de Janeiro it occurs throughout the 

 year and is attracted by Hghts, both indoors and in the streets, together 

 with DiapJiania (G.) hyalinata, L., Dcsmia funeralis, Hb., etc. 



After gathering the crop the plants should be destroyed. The 

 leaves and injured fruit should be burned. If an infested field is 

 promptly ploughed this will destroy a large number of caterpillars and 

 pupae. Trap-plants may be grown in the field ; in the United States 

 pumpkins are used to protect cantaloups in this way. 



Hempel (A.). Um Inimigo importante da Figueira cultivada, Ituna 

 ilione, Cramer. [/. ilione, an important Enemy of the cultivated 

 Fig.] — Chacaras e Quintaes, S. Paulo, xxi, no. 5, 15th May 1920, 

 pp. 373-374, 1 fig. 



As new areas are brought under cultivation insects that formerly 

 fed on wild plants often begin to attack the cultivated species. This 

 has occurred in the case of the Nymphalid butterfly, Ituna ilione. 

 Cram., which occurs in South America from the Guianas to the 

 southernmost State in Brazil. In districts that are becoming populated 

 /. ilione has become a pest of the foliage of the cultivated fig. 



The caterpillars are easily collected by hand, or spraying may be 

 carried out with a solution of Paris green 3 oz., either in water 25 gals., 

 or in Bordeaux mixture. 



Bertoni (M. S.). La Temperatura minima secular de 1918. — Anales 

 Cient. Paraguayos, Puerto Bertoni, Ser. ii, no. 5, July 1919, 

 pp. 345-391. [Received 22nd June 1920.] 



The years 1916-1918 were so remarkable and unusual in the south 

 of Brazil and the basin of the Rio de la Plata that they seem to mark 

 a new epoch in the climate of those regions. The year 1917 had 

 aheady broken several records, particularly as regards cold, while in 

 1918 the lowest temperature since 1789 was recorded. As one con- 

 sequence of the unusual conditions, the balance of insect life was 

 unsettled. The extreme cold obliged both insects and spiders to 

 remain in hibernation and to delay their development for two or three 



