425 



'Oil its natural enemies), Laphygma exigua, Hb. (the life-history of which 

 resembles that of P. litura so that the same measures are applicable) 

 and Heliofhis {Chloridea) obsoleta (an account of natural and artificial 

 •control for which is given) ; Phlhorimaea {Gnorinioschema) heliopa, 

 Lwr. ; and P. operculeUa, Zell. (which appears to prefer the subtropical 

 regions of Africa to the tropical ones). 



Among the Coleopterous pests of tobacco the Tenebrionidae are 

 remarkable for the number of species that are injurious both as larvae 

 and adults. Gonocephalum simplex, Gerst., is a widely distributed 

 African species that has been recorded from Kamerun. It is closely 

 related to Opatrmn ifitennediwn, Fisch., from Bessarabia, and to a 

 species believed to be 0. depressum, F., in Sumatra. In South Rhodesia 

 beetles of the genera Zophosis, Psammodes, Dichtha and Anomalipus 

 have been recorded as occasional pests of tobacco. Trachynotus 

 griseus, Fhs., is also a Rhodesian pest. Occasional injury to the 

 leaves has been done in the Transvaal by Strophosoinus sp. and Peritelus 

 sp. The pests of stored tobacco include Lasioderma serricorne, F., 

 Tribolium confusum, Duv., Calandra oryzae, L., Anobium paniceum, L., 

 Dermestes vulpinus, F., Tinea pellionella, L., and the cheese mite, 

 Tyroglyphus siro, Latr. Except in the case of the first two it is not 

 ■quite clear whether these pests occur in Africa. 



Zacher (F.). Vorratsschadlinge und ihre Bekampfung. [The Pests 

 of Stored Products and their Control] — Kaiserl. Biol. Anstalf 

 Land- u. Forstwirtscli., Berlin, Flabglatt 63, June 1918, 8 pp., 

 13 figs. [Received 1st July 1920.] 



The pests of stored wheat here enumerated are : — Calandra granaria, 

 L., C. oryzae, L., Sylvanus surinamensis, L., Tribolium navale, 

 F., Tinea granella, L., and Sitofroga cereahlla, CI. 



Pests of flour, etc., are : — T. navale, Tenebrio molitor, L., Ephestia 

 kiihniella, Z., Plodia inter punctella, Hb., and Tyroglyphus siro, L. 

 Pests of dough and bakery products include C. granaria, C. oryzae, 

 T. molitor, P. inter punctella, E. kuhniella, Sitodrepa panicea, F., Blatta 

 orientalis, L., and Gryllus doinesticus,Jj. A brief note is given in each 

 case. 



Remedial measures, which are briefly described, include the use of 

 such chemicals as hydrocyanic acid, sulphurous acid, carbon bisulphide, 

 etc., the action of high and low temperatures and mechanical methods 

 (sieves, etc.). 



Z.4CHER (F.). Untersuchungen uber Schadlingsbekampfung mit 

 Blausaure. [Investigations on combating Insect Pests with 

 Hydrocyanic Acid Gas.] — Mitt. Biol. Reichsanst. Land- u. 

 ForslwirtscJi., Berlin, no. 17. June 1919, pp. 31-37. [Recaived 

 Isc Ju'y 1920.] 



The conclusions reached in this paper are in substantial agreement 

 with those of Burckhardt [R.A.E., A, vii, 353]. At the present time 

 hydrocyanic acid cannot be advised against Calandra granaria, but 

 on the whole this substance is useful against most of the pests that occur 

 indoors. 



In a series of experiments the following were killed by a -l-hours 

 exposure to 1 per 1,000 .( - 1220 mg. per cu. m.) : — Tribolium navale 



