462 



WiLDEKMUTH (V.. L.). The Alfalfa Caterpillar. — U.S. Dept. Agric, 

 Washington, D.C., Farmers' Bull. 1094, April 1920, 16 pp., 

 14 figs. [Received 30tli August 1920.] 



Much of the information contained in this bulletin on Colias 

 {Eurymus) curgtheme has been noticed elsewhere [R.A.E., A, iii, 153], 

 additional information being given with relation to control of this 

 butterfly by the management of irrigation water. 



Childs (L.). Dust and Spray Gun in Calyx Worm Control. — J I. 



Econ. Entom. Concord, N.H., xiii, no. 4, August 1920, pp. 331-338. 



During the past four years, experiments have been carried out with 

 dusts and sprays against the codling moth [Cydia pomonella] in the 

 calyx. The percentage of calyx entrants is a very variable factor 

 during different seasons in different sections. Observations show that 

 the general utility of the dusting method is very limited, and it cannot 

 be recommended as a general means of control. Over-estimation of 

 the efficacy of this method is likely to depreciate the value of cover 

 sprays, and great infestation of the fruit is the result. The dust must 

 be applied during a calm atmosphere, the best time being usually yery 

 early in the morning. 



Owing to the many handicaps and difficulties connected with this 

 method it is only advocated for use on steep hillsides and in sections 

 where it is difficult to obtain sufficient water for spraying. The spray 

 gun gave better results than the rods. As the moths are inclined to 

 deposit more eggs on the tops of the trees than near the ground, spraying 

 should be carried out to at least a height of 25 feet. If the trees are 

 not sprayed above this, fruit should not be grown at that height in 

 order to reduce infestation to the minimum. In order to throw a 

 spray of the proper quality, the machine must maintain a pressure of 

 at least 275 lb. With a low-pressure machine a tree can only be covered 

 by drenching, a large amount of material being thereby wasted. 

 The spray must reach the calyx ends in the proper condition and in 

 sufficient amounts to effect a coating as it falls. 



Gibson (E. H.). Professional Entomology : The Call and the Answer. 



— Jl. Econ. Ento)n., Concord, N.H., xiii, no. 4, August 1920, pp. 

 355-357. 



Professional entomology is defined as the study and application of 

 economic entomology for the means of livelihood. There is no reason 

 why entomology should not be put on a similar basis as law, medicine 

 or engineering, professions that are the outcome of necessity. The 

 present need for consulting entomologists is emphasised, and the 

 possibilities of this science as a profession are discussed. 



Herbert (F. B.). U.S. Bur. Entom. Western Twig Pruners.— J/. 

 Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xiii, no. 4, August 1920, pp. 360-363. 



The beetles that prune twigs and small branches in the West are 

 apparently all native species, although exotic plants are not immune 

 to their attack. They include a Bostrychid, Polycaon confertus, Lee, 

 which usually bores at the forks of small branches of almond, 

 apple, apricot, avocado, birch, cherry, currant, English elm, Eugenia 



