470 



the eggs being laid in the buds. The larvae hatch in 8-10 days and 

 begin to feed on the pollen cells , they next attack the bud leaves and 

 then the androecia and styles. Pupation takes place 3 weeks later 

 and lasts 8 days. The young adults feed on the surface of the leaves 

 and then aestivate, this being usually followed by hibernation, without 

 a break. The author does not agree with those who think that 

 A.'pomormn is not necessarily harmful,and considers it to be a dangerous 

 pest, to be combated whenever noticed. 



Wkadatsch (G.V Biologisches von Lixus algims, L. (Sumpfrussel- 

 kafer.) [Biological Notes on L. algirus.] — Oesterr. Monatsschr. 

 f. d. grundlegenden natunviss. Unterricht, xiv, 1918, pp. 99-103. 

 (Abstract in Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr., Stuttgart, xxx, no. 4-5, 1920, 

 p. 195.) 



Though Lixus algirus, L., usually occurs on Carduus spp., in Styria 

 the leaves of Viciafaha are readily attacked, so that attention must be 

 j)aid to this new pest. 



Badoux (H.). Die durch die kleine Fichtenblattwespe verursachten 

 Beschadigungen der schweizerischen Waldungen in letzter Zeit. 



[Recent Injuries caused by Nemacus abietinum to Swiss Forests.] 

 — Vierteljahrschr. Naturforsch. Ges. Zurich, Ixiii, no. 3-4, 1918, 

 pp. 38-40. (Abstract in Zeitschr. PJlanzenkr., Stuttgart, xxx, no. 

 4-5, 1920, p. 195.) 



It is only since 1900 that Lygaeonematus pini, Retz. {Nemaius 

 abietinum, Htg.), has done serious injury in Switzerland. In about 

 250 acres of fir forest the loss amounted to £l,600-£2,000 from 1911 

 to 1916. The areas must be well thinned, and silver fir and deciduous 

 trees must be planted in the gaps. Stands of fir only should not be 

 planted in low situations to which fir is not native. Both the develop- 

 mental and feeding periods of this sawfly are typically short. It 

 swarms at the end of April or early in May, the flight period lasting 

 only 10 days. The needles of the May shoots are spht open, and an 

 egg is laid in them. Only the May shoot needles are attacked, and 

 these turn red. The buds that will develop shoots in the following 

 year are not attacked. Repeated attacks result in destruction of the 

 crowns. Near Ziirich L. pini also attacks larch, but never infests silver 

 fir. Up to the present, banding and spraying have been unsuccessful. 

 Nothing is known of natural enemies that might be utihsed against 

 this sawfly. Many adults are caught in webs, ants kill the larvae, 

 and starUngs also are useful in this capacity. 



Thobtas, (J.) Junr. Der Distelfink als Vertilger von Siphonophora 

 rosae. — Aquila, Budapest, xxiv, 1918, p. 294. (Abstract in Zeitschr. 

 Pflanzenkr., Stuttgart, xxx, no. 4-5, 1920, p. 198.) 



Roses in Hungary that were seriously infested by the Aphid, Mae- 

 rosiphwn [Siphonophora) rosae, were thoroughly cleared of this pest by 

 goldfinches. This is remarkable in that these birds are not usually 

 insectivorous. 



