494 



Rhyncliota. Dysdercus superstitiosus, F., Icerya purchasi^ Mask., 

 Vinsonia stellifera, Green (rare on Citrus, but abundant on coconut), 

 Saissetia {Lecanium) nigra, Met., S. (L.) Jiemisphaerica, Targ., and 

 Aulacaspis j>e,ntagona, Targ. (wkich would be exceedingly dangerous 

 were it not checked by fungi), Aspidiotus pahnae (very common on 

 coconut), and Ischnaspis longirostris. Sign, (filiformis, Dougl.) (rare on 

 coffee, but very abundant on coconut). 



Orthoptera. The most injurious species are Gryllotalpa africana. 

 Pal., and Liagryllus capensis, ¥., but they are uncommon. Polyspilota 

 pustulata, Stal., is a useful insectivorous Mantid. 



Hymenoptera play an important part in the destruction of scale- 

 insects on the Island. 



The Myriapods, Spirostreptus integer, Karsch, and S. marginescaher , 

 Karsch, sometimes cause rapid rotting of bananas injured by Cos- 

 mopolites sordidus {Sphenophorus striatus). 



Fungi of great value are Microcera coccophila, Desm., which has 

 almost entirely eradicated Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis ; Cephalo- 

 sporium lecanii, which has been equally effective against the coffee 

 scale. Coccus viridis ; and Myriangium duriaei, which is another enemy 

 of P. trilobitiformis. Two other entomophagous fungi are Ophionectria 

 and Aschersonia. 



DE Seabka (A. F.). Note sur I'Existence en Portugal de la Tortrix 

 de la Vigne, CEnophthira jnlleriana, Schifl. — Bidl. Soc. Portug. 

 Sci. Nat., Lisbon, \m, no. 2, 1920, pp. 148-150. 



The only species of vine Tortricid that is of any serious economic 

 importance in Portugal is Sparganothis {Oenophthira) jnlleriana, of 

 which there have been heavy infestations for many years in various 

 districts, and especially in the magnificent plantations and old 

 estabhshed ^^Ileyards beside the Tagus. , A study has been made of 

 the biology of this moth in Portugal, which is very similar to that of 

 the species in France. The hfe-history is shown in a chart. In the 

 present studies, a proportion of. 64 per cent, of males was observed. 

 Of 4,648 caterpillars collected from the vines, 1,836 were found to be 

 parasitised by Hymenoptera or Diptera. As these parasites always 

 emerge from the pupal stage of S. pilleriana, it is a simple matter to 

 coUect the adult caterpillars and rear the parasites from them. 



Rutgers (A. A. L.). Verslag van den Directeur] 1 Juli 1919-30 Juni 



1920. — Meded. Algem. Proefst. A.V.R.O.S., Medan, Algem. Ser. 

 no. 9, 1920, 43 pp. 



The report of the entomologist, Mr. J. B. Corporaal, states that 

 caterpillars did little damage to rubber. Hevea was infested with a 

 termite, Microtervnes pallidus, Havil, but no real injury was done. 

 A dangerous species of Coptotermes occurred sporadically, and fumi- 

 gation with sulphur-arsenic by means of the " Universal white ant 

 destroyer " was advised. Xyleborus perforans, Woll. {kraatzi, Eich.) 

 must be added to the rubber borers mentioned in the preceding report 

 [R.A.E., A, vii, 64]. The presence of a scale encouraged nest-building 

 by an ant, Cremastogaster sp. 



