34 



Of the females, there are several distinct types; the pure yellow, 

 immaculate; the yellow with more or less of a marginal border; the 

 pale orange with medium border; the decided orange with heavy 

 border; and there are intergrades between these. In addition to these 

 are the white females, which seem to constitute a very high percentage 

 of the whole, perhaps fifty per cent. , a remarkable number as compared 

 with Eurytheme or Philodice, for instance, where the albinos probably do 

 not constitute one per cent. I have seen no white female absolutely 

 without traces of a border, but the traces are sometimes very slight, 

 and there are grades just as among the yellow females up to a heavy 

 border, and even a border on hind wing, which is unusual. 



As a rule, the discal spot of fore wing is black, but if there is a clear 

 space within the black spot, in the orange examples, this is orange; the 

 spot of upper hind wing is usually orange, but sometimes ochraceous, 

 the latter color perhaps always in albinos. The under side is always 

 densely dusted, often so as to conceal the color of the hind wing. The 

 discal spot of this wing is white, but occasionally a few rosy scales are 

 mingled with the white ones; and either there is no edging at all, or 

 there is a slight edge of roseate or of red-brown. One instance only 

 has been noted of a patch at outer angle; and one only of distinct sub- 

 marginal spots on hind wing. This is the male figured on the Plate, 

 and the spots are seen to be very small, and limited to middle of the 

 wing. On the fore wing never more than three small spots have been 

 noticed, and these are in the lower three interspaces. Some examples 

 have traces of one or two spots, always in the lower interspaces. Both 

 these spots and the patch are exceptional, and are caused by reversion. 

 That is, the original of this and many of our species had a patch at 

 outer angle, and a series of sub-marginal spots on both wings, such as 

 is seen in all the members of the Eurytheme sub-group to-day. Chris- 

 tina lies between that sub-group and the one which contains Alexandra, 

 the type Astrcea $ approaching Alexandra. 



CAPITALIZING SPECIFIC NAMES. 



By W. H. Edwards. 



Lepidopterists have followed quite strictly the rules of Zoological 

 Nomenclature adopted by the British Association, 1842, and amended 

 by Section D, 1865, even where to many of them a further modifica- 

 tion in certain points has seemed desirable. At the meeting of the 

 Association, 1865, a report of a new Committee appointed 1863 was 

 submitted and adopted by Section D. Moved by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys, 

 seconded by Dr. Sclater, ' ' That the report now read be approved and 

 adopted by the Section, and that the rules or propositions, as thereby 



