86 



come established, consisting of a l)right green ground, black rings 

 running over the segments and interrupted by yellow dots, sometimes 

 even on the places where the warts had stood. 



In the next stage the warts entirely vanish, and the markings become 

 still more regular. 



Finally, after the fourth moult, the color is much brighter, the green 

 predominates as the black bands begin to diminish. According to Mr. 

 Edwards, however, there are variations from this pattern in which the 

 bands are still quite broad, and this stage, therefore, in color and mark- 

 ings more nearly resembles the lourth. 



I remark that the last stage of Brevicauda more nearly resembles 

 the fourth stage of Asterias than it does the fifth. 



Papilio Machaon (European form, fig. 6). First Stage. The 

 well known rows of warts are present, and bristles growing on them 

 with a shovel-formed enlargement at the end. The color is black, in- 

 terrupted by a white saddle on the third and fourth abdominal rings. 



Second Stage. With the first moult no essential alteration ap- 

 pears, and I am not able to state at what period the change to the 

 green form, furnished with black bands and red dots, takes place. I 

 think I may assume, however, that this change appears after the third 

 moult in this species as well as in Asterias and Brevicauda. 



Papilio Turnus.* First Stage (fig. 7). The brown ground 

 color is interrupted by a white, oblique band, which crosses from the 

 back of the sixth to the ventral side of the first abdominal segment, 

 and appears to divide the caterpillar into two parts. The hairy cover- 

 ing is not very heavy. The bristles stand on warts, which are most 

 fully developed in the sub-dorsal row and sensibly decrease from the 

 ends to the middle. The bristles are short, and have a shovel-formed 

 enlargement (fig. 7a and 7^). 



Second Stage (fig. 8). Of this stage I have had but one badly 

 preserved specimen, yet by comparison with Mr. Edwards' figures I 

 have been able to prove that it does not materially differ from the first 

 stage. 



Third Stage (fig. 9). This does not differ from the preceding 

 stage in color, except that an ocellate spot begins to appear on the 

 third thoracic ring.f The warts have become rudimentary, except they 

 still project somewhat more distinctly on the first two thoracic, and es- 

 pecially the last abdominal rings. By the aid of a stronger magnifying 

 power very small bristles, tapering to a point, can be seen on the 

 warts (fig. 9«). 



*Mr. Edwards, in his "Butterflies of North America," has figured all the stages of /V£//7/V> 

 Turntis from life with the natural colors, which were not visible in my alcoholic specimens. 1 

 therefore depend on Mr. Edwards' drawings. As regards the bristles and warts, his enlargement 

 is not sufficient. 



t I cannot decide from my preparation, or from Mr. Edwards' figure, whether this siiot liad 

 he.H"" I" appear in the second stage, as it does in Troilns. 



