* s 



PAPILIO. 



Devoted Exclusively to Lepidoptera. 



Engmeu!Loa, i Philadelphia, September, 1884. ] . °^' "^^ „ 



Lock Box 916. j ( JNOS. 7) "• 



ON THE CATERPILLARS OF NORTH AMERICAN 

 PAPILIONIDiE AND NYMPHALIDiE. 



By Dr. August Gruber, Professor of Zoology in Freiburg. 



Jena, 1884. 



Translated from \}i\iijena Zeitschriftfur Naturzvissctischa/t {^d. XVII, N. F. X.) 

 by Charles E. Aaron, A. M. 



(Continued from p. 91.) 



SUMMING UP AND CONCLUSIONS. 



I have in the foregoing pages traced the development of the several 

 species of caterpillars of the two families Papilio?iidcB and Nyniphalidce, 

 so far as they have been at my command, independently one of the 

 other. My next step will be to determine what characteristics are com- 

 mon to these species and what are not so, and whether from this com- 

 parison, any general conclusions can be drawn. 



I believe that inferences with regard to the genetic relations of these 

 species may fairly be drawn from my observations, however scanty the 

 material may be. 



Looking first at the Papilionidcs, we find the caterpillar in the first 

 sta<ye always covered with large warts, on which long bristles stand, 

 giving to the insect a hairy appearance. These warts are arranged in 

 parallel longitudinal rows, of which we can distinctly trace four on 

 each side, — a dorsal, a sub-dorsal, a suprastigmal and an infrastigmal 

 row, of which the two middle ones are the most prominent. At the 

 same time it appears that the warts on the foremost and the hindmost 

 rings of the body are longest, and that, in fact, the two longest of all 

 stand on the first thoracic ring and the last abdominal ring; also that 

 from each extremity toward the middle these prominences grow smaller 

 and smaller, so that those standing on the middle segments are the 

 least of all. 



