24 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 
A. Involucral bracts lacerated, or with a broad mem- 
branous appendage; leaves tomentose (Rhaponticum, 
DC.) :—S. Rhaponticum, DC. (R. scariosum, Lam.) ; capi- 
tule large, solitary, appendages of bracts ciliate, stem 1}— 
2 ft., leafy below, naked above; Valais, Dauphiny, rare. 
S. helenifolia, G. and G.; capitules solitary or several, 
stem 3-4 ft., leafy throughout, involucral appendages not 
ciliate, stem-leaves often lyrate; high, local. S. cynaroz- 
des, DC.; capitules very large, usually solitary, involucral 
scales lacerated, stem about 3 ft., leafy; Pyrenees. 
&. Involucral leaves not appendaged; leaves nearly 
glabrous :—S. ¢zxctoria, L., Saw-Wort; capitules small, 
numerous, oval, often unisexual, involucral bracts rigid, 
strongly ciliate, stem-leaves usually lyrate - pinnatifid ; 
thickets, frequent. S.Vulpzz, Fisch., alpina (var.), G. and 
G.; and montzcola, Bor., are mountain forms of tzuctorza, 
often with only a single capitule. S. xudzcaulis, DC.; 
capitule large (up to I in.), solitary, bisexual, upper part 
of stem leafless, radical and uppermost leaves entire, 
intermediate serrate; Saleve, Piedmont, Dauphiny. SS. 
heterophylla, Desf.; resembling the last, but stem leafy 
throughout, lower stem-leaves pinnatifid at the base; 
Dauphiny. 
40. CRUPINA, Cass. 
Resembling Serratula, but outer flowers of capitule 
sterile; inner row of pappus-hairs reduced to scales. 
Not alpine. 
C. vulgaris, Cass.; flowers 3-5 in a capitule, purple, 
stem-leaves pinnatifid, with linear toothed segments, 
stony places; Western Switzerland. 
