26 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 
arvense, Scop., in meadows; C. palustre, Scop., and pra- 
tense, Willd. (anglicum, Lam.), in damp fields. 
The following are less common or are not English :— 
A. Flowers yellow :—C. oleraceum, Scop.; whole plant 
soft and succulent, involucral bracts ending in a short 
spine, leaves pale green, ciliate-spiny, upper part of stem 
very leafy; wet meadows, common. C. spinoszssimumy, 
Scop.; involucral bracts ending in a long strong spine, 
capitules surrounded by yellowish-white lanceolate spiny 
pinnatifid leaves; alpine pastures, frequent. C. Arasz- 
thales, Scop.; capitules nodding, involucre viscid, not 
surrounded by spiny leaves, stem nearly leafless above ; 
pastures ; ‘Switzerland, Jura, Dauphiny. C. carniolicum, 
Scop.; involucre not viscid, not surrounded by spiny 
leaves, stem and stalk of capitule rusty-tomentose ; 
Southern Tirol. C. glabrum, DC.; flowers pale yellow, 
involucre very spiny, surrounded by linear-lanceolate 
dentate spiny leaves, leaves linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, 
coriaceous; Pyrenees. 
L. Flowers purple; leaves with rough spines on the 
upper surface:—C. eriophorum, Scop.; capitule very 
large, webbed, leaves not decurrent; subalpine pastures. 
C. spathulatum, Gaud.; resembling the last, but invo- 
lucre less strongly webbed, bracts spathulate-concave, 
with pectinate-ciliate appendages; Ticino. 
C. Flowers purple; leaves not spiny above :—C. acaule, 
Scop.; plant nearly or quite stemless, capitule solitary, 
sessile; pastures, frequent. C. pauciflorum, Spreng. ; 
leaves very large, all undivided, stem-leaves amplexicaul, 
lowermost somewhat webbed; pastures; Styria, Car- 
niola, local. C. tuberosum, All.; leaves deeply pinnatifid, 
root tuberous; Western Switzerland. C. heterophyllum, 
