28 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 
carduelis, L. (arctiordes, Willd., alpestris, W. K.); capi- 
tule solitary, terminal, leaves pinnatifid, glabrous; moist 
pastures, occasional. C. defloratus, L. (including glaucus, 
Baumg., vzvzdis, Kern., rhetecus, DC., and carlinefolius, 
Gaud.); branches ending in a long leafless peduncle bear- 
ing a single capitule, stem winged, leaves more or less 
sinuate-dentate and spiny, usually glabrous beneath ; very 
variable; pastures. C. Personata, Jacq. ; capitules nume- 
rous, racemose, branches leafy to the summit, upper leaves 
with long spines, lower deeply pinnatifid ; pastures, fre- 
quent. C. agrestis, Kern.; resembling the last, but capi- 
tules less numerous, lower leaves sinuate-pinnatifid ; 
Tirol, rare. C. nzgrescens, Vill.; peduncles white-tomen- 
tose, leafy to the summit; Dauphiny. C. hamulosus, Ehrn. ; 
stalk of capitule tomentose, leafless; Carniola, Dauphiny, 
Cevennes. C. aurosicus, Vill.; capitules corymbose, on 
short stalks, involucral bracts strongly spined ; very rare; 
Mont Auronse, Dauphiny. 
46. KENTROPHYLLUM, Neck. 
Outer involucral bracts foliaceous, pinnate, spiny ; pap- 
pus of ray-flowers o, of disk-flowers composed of dentate 
scale-like hairs. Not alpine. 
K. lanatum, DC. (Carthamus lanatus, L.); flowers yel- 
low, capitule solitary, stem leafy, woolly above, leaves 
sinuate-pinnatifid ; dry, stony; Canton de Vaud, Valais, 
Geneva, Pyrenees. 
47. CENTAUREA, L. 
Involucral bracts adpressed, scarious, fringed, or spiny ; 
receptacle bristly ; flowers all tubular, outer ones usually 
