COMPOSIT | 29 
larger, neuter, inner bisexual ; pappus-hairs short, scabrid, 
rarely O. 
A. Flowers blue:—C. Cyanus, L., Cornflower, Blue- 
bottle; cornfields. C.szontana, L., commonly sold as Corn- 
flower; leaves green, entire, slightly webbed, involucral 
bracts with a narrow black fringe, capitule solitary ; 
bushy, alpine, common. C. axillaris, Willd.; capitules 
often several, leaves white, webbed, involucral bracts 
with a broad silvery fringe; bushy, alpine; Southern 
Switzerland, Dauphiny. 
B. Flowers yellow :—C. solstztzalzs, L.; involucre spiny, 
stem winged, cottony, lower leaves lyrate, upper linear, 
decurrent; cultivated land. 
C. Flowers red, involucre spiny :—C. Calctrapa, L. ; 
stem-leaves pinnatifid, not decurrent. 
D. Flowers red, involucre not spiny; bracts dentate- 
fringed, but not appendaged :—C. Scabiosa, L., with 
pinnatifid leaves and broadly-rayed capitules, is common 
in English meadows; the others are not British. C. 
valestaca, Jord.; involucral bracts strongly veined, lateral 
fringes 5—7 on each side; waste places; Valais. C. panz- 
culata, L.; involucral bracts with a spiny terminal fringe ; 
very rare; Valais, Bale, Nyon. C.maculosa, Lam. }; involu- 
cral bracts with a black spot at the tip, lateral fringes 7-12 
on each side; Lower Engadine, Chur, Bale, Dauphiny. 
C. alpestris, Heg. (Kotschyana, Koch, Menteyerica, 
Chaix) ; fringe almost silvery, more or less hiding the in- 
volucre, capitules very large (#-1I in.) ; mountain pastures, 
local; Southern Switzerland, Dauphiny. C. /eucophea, 
Jord.; capitules forming an elongated panicle, outer flowers 
rayed, leaves very pale green; Dauphiny, Pyrenees. 
&. Flowers red; involucre not spiny; bracts appen- 
