CUPULIFER® 127 
flowers solitary or in fascicles; fruit a nut seated in a cup 
(cupule), formed by the coalescence of a whorl of har- 
dened often woody bracts. A moderately large order, 
belonging chiefly to the Northern Temperate Zone; no 
alpine species. 
L. -FAGUS,, L: 
Fruit usually in pairs, enclosed in the hardened or 
coriaceous scaly involucre (beech-mast). 
F. sylvatica, L., Beech; common. 
2° OURRCUS, L: 
Fruit an acorn, seated in a smooth or spiny cup. 
Our two English Oaks, Q. pedunculata, Ehrh., with 
sessile leaves, and acorns on long stalks; and sessz/zflora, 
Salisb., with longish leaf-stalk, and acorns nearly sessile; 
common. Also Q. pubescens, Willd. (lanuginosa, Thuill.), 
a much smaller tree, the under surface of the leaves 
pubescent ; Southern and Eastern Switzerland, Pyrenees. 
QO. Cerrzs, L.; stigmas yellow, scales of cup long, linear- 
subulate, twisted, spreading; Ticino, Jura, rare. 
3. CASTANEA, L. 
Fruit enclosed in a spiny capsule-like involucre. 
C. vulgaris, Lam. (satzva, Mill., vesca, Geertn.), Spanish 
Chestnut, Sweet Chestnut; South of the Alps. 
An CORMLTS yh: 
Fruit a woody 1-seeded nut, enclosed in the greatly 
enlarged coriaceous involucre. 
C. Avellana, L., Hazel; very common. 
