168 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS 
P. quadrifolia, L., Herb-Paris ; flowers terminal, about 
14 in. diam., sepals green, acuminate, petals yellow, stem 
6-12 in., bearing a whorl of usually 4 ovate leaves, 
berry large, black; mountain woods, frequent. 
Order XCVI.—DIOSCORES. 
Flowers small, unisexual, in axillary racemes or 
panicles; sepals and petals green ; stamens 6; ovary 
inferior, 3-celled. Climbing shrubs with net-veined 
leaves. A tropical order, with only two representatives 
in Europe. 
1. fAMUS UL. 
Perianth campanulate, green. 
T. communts, L., Black Bryony; leaves ovate-cordate, 
acuminate, shining, berry red; hedges; Switzerland, 
Pyrenees. 
Order XCVIIJ.—AROIDE. 
Flowers in a spadix enclosed in a leafy spathe; peri- 
anth oO; fruit a berry; leaves often net-veined. A large 
tropical order, with very few European representatives. 
1. ARUM, L. 
Spadix terminated by a naked cylindrical column ; 
female flowers at the bottom of the spike, consisting of 
nothing but ovaries; surmounted by the male flowers, con- 
sisting of nothing but sessile anthers; and above them 
neuter flowers; leaves all radical, thick, shining, sagittate, 
net-veined. 
