166 



host and in another upon another host, has been established for 

 forty-seven species. The Hst of these determined hetercecious 

 species begins with the wheat mildew or rust, and the cluster-cup 

 fungus of the barberry, as demonstrated by Dr. DeBary in 1864, 

 and closes with no less than five species demonstrated by Mr. 

 Plowri^ht during 1888. This is a fruitful issue of the author^s 



fcs'"^ """"£3 



untiring labor to reveal the vital association of previously iso- 

 lated forms of rusts, and his methods as fully described, will be 

 of special interest to students of the diseases of cultivated plants. 

 The work before us is well illustrated in the text, and has seven 

 additional page plates, chiefly upon spore germination. It gives 

 sufficient information of a greneral nature to serve as an introduc- 



tion to the groups treated, and while the species described are 

 British, the volume is a valuable contribution to the literature 

 upon rusts and smuts for all countries. The American student 

 of these occult subjects will find in it much to aid him in his re- 

 searches, besides the stimulus which always comes from tne 

 study of a new book by one who is a hard worker and full 01 tni 



subject 



Byron D. Halsted 



Moiwgraphia Cladoniartim Universalis, Pars, i, — Edv. Wainio. 



(Acta Soc, Fauna et Flora Fennica, iv. 8vo, pp. i'5*^9- 



Helingsfors, 1887). 



This a systematic monograph of the entire Lichen genu. 

 Cladonia, Hill The synonomy and distribution are completely 

 w^orked out, and there is an exhaustive citation of authors. 

 flabelliformis (Floerk.), Wainio, is attributed to California; t.. 

 hypocritica is a new species from Cape Horn, C. flavescens Iron 

 Cape Horn, C, hypoxanthoides, C, szcbstellata, C, connexa, 

 alboftisccscens^ C. vnitabilis^ C. polytypa, C. coiisintilis, C. Card - 

 sensis^ C. erythrosperma, C, chondroiypa, C, rhodoleiica, C- spn^^ ' 

 lata, C. pleurophylla, are all new species from the Carassa Moun- 

 tains, Brazil ; C. Mexicana is also new. There are many changes 1 

 the ranking of forms, whether as species or varieties, some of wn^c 

 apply to American plants. There is a rigid adherence throug 

 out the work to the maintenance of the oldest varietal or specm 

 name and the citation of the author thereof in parenthesis. 1 

 changed in rank or genus; thus C. Boryi, Tuckerm. (184/) ^^'^^ 



