82 ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 



plants have no leaves, but stipules only, for In that and similar Orders tlie apparent leaves 

 are never opposite the angles of the stem, but are always placed between them. Nor 

 do I find that the number of angles in the stem of verticillate plants necessarily cor- 

 responds with the number of their leaves; for example, in Dysophylla stellata, where 

 the whorls often consist of ten parts, the stem has still but four angles. Neither 

 It be admitted that bodies which do not form branches in their axils are therefore 



leaves. All f( 



or not, according 



id tliat bodies which do not form branches in their axils are therefore not 

 ohaceous organs, of whatever kind, and especially stipules, possess that power 

 irdmg to circumstances, as is too well known to require particular proof. 



^._._„^ „„ ...xv.^i..o.aLi^cc, ct» is Luo well Known lo require particular proof. 

 Besides, DeCandoiles statement is not sustained by fact; for in Asperula the uppermost 

 branches, bearing flowers, are frequently produced alternately with the leaves that form 

 the node from which they spring, and consequently must, in such cases, arise from the 

 seat of one of the supposed stipules. It is more probable that the development of branches 



rZ-n^ ^Zr,u J ""^ *u' ^''^''' f connected with the form of the stem, and the 

 relation which the leaves bear to each other. If the form of the stem requires an al- 



nlli?'t\ ^^r7 '^ ? FT ^^ ^ *"P^^^ "^ ^PP^^^t^ ^'•^«^^^«' ^^^^ the first whorl 

 examn f if l ^^"^^^P^ f l^^?' P^"^^' ""^ ^^^^le 'the origin of all that succeed it. For 

 budT then ;i fh^wl 1 /? leaves, the first, third, and fifth leaves produce axillary 

 be ^'emmffpl I Z^'r °'f S"''' 't' ^^' '^^^"^' f^^^'^^^' ^"^ sixth leaves will probably 

 to siv S^t whV r^^ / i" ^' "''^^"'''.y ^'''' ^f decussation. It is plainly impossible 



other'; l^Ll^iitf ;Vrtsorbi7SS^Lrr%r''' ^T"-"/ 'r«^^ ''r *° 



3„ect upon thei. U^. jJ,Z:i7t\TtLt t,ETl T/'r,™' fTZ 



peculiar position on the stem; and it 



can h;rdIy\r?irwedt7ol,*i''-"u'''\°"'.''°.''''' «»»'='=«<'" of the leaves by a membrane 

 mediate leVs a e Tet Uke sZS?'',^'"" ".," '""""^^"'^ '!>"* i" ™ch cLea the inter 



pare Asperula eynanchi a „ 'Th f^" '" l^°% ""''' "^"'^ "" "™brano exists; — 



C. marit ma "y""""'"""' »' '"tef^lis, or longiflora, with such genuine Crucianell= 



they may, whUe the fet* of sTf ^'^ *' "" ^T" "'^ ''"g^^- »™P'o organs, be they what 



veined stipules, ^^i^:: ^^:zs^z't:::'S: ^ ^^^'^^ "' ^-° '--''■ 



These ^rmimo«*.^ ;i^ _ . i 



arguments 



T 



I proceed to make a few .^Hv''''f' ^^ ?^ ""'^"^ '^^^"^^ "le question; and therefore 

 in Asperula, more than in It Tk^ ''"'^'^' ."P^," ^ P"'"*^ "«t yet adve ted to. It is 

 favourable o the upno Sinn ^nP M ?fn' i^/^'^ ^^^^^> "^^^ is to be found evidence 

 cynanchica, and some The .1^5] ' ^f^f^^^'^ .^"^ Ws followers. In A. longiflora, 

 are reduced to two perS W^^^ ^""lul ^'^^"'^^^ ^^^ 'I '^' "«"-! «tate, but the uppef one. 

 between them, whh3h remlin Z fl « *'"?-r ' sometimes two teeth or subulate processes 



that of many VrmLceous Plant. +t "^ ^^^P^'^^^ ^« «« ^^^^ ''''' 



I presume that it C such cat? wbllfif analogy between them seems indisputable ; and 



• It is, howeverto be vemeJtrfa fw • ^ ^! n^' '^^^^^^ ""^^^^ consideration, 

 -hat^ first disappea il\u: "reT^oTt.^^^^^^ *^^ -PP-^ stipules are always 



any cases 



lakes place. The latter fact is re-idllv illfiT^ *v men are hrst lost when such a reduction 

 inacoces, where the bracts are e vTdentfv IZf ""^f ''^'^^""^ *^ ^"7 «f the capitate Sper- 

 leaves are gradually merle^L the W J^^^ '"^ '^P^^^^"^ *« S. calyptera, in which the 



the stipules suff-er^ n^'Si„'„Von Thl ^™^'■^"°"« ^^P that subtends the flowers, while 

 Brazilian Cinchonads allief " Psyihotrk bS '^'^^"^f^!^"^?, ^^7 be observed in several 



rsychotria barbiflora, and in Paederia foetida. It is also pos- 



